Lord of the Flies :: essays papers

Lord of the fliesArtificial Restraints in Lord of the travelGOLDING PUTS SO MANY ARTIFICIAL RESTRAINTS ON HIS STORY IN ORDER TO EMPHASISE HIS POINT, THAT THE WHOLE THING COMES OUT TOO NEATLY AND, IN FACT, REDUCES THE source OF HIS MESSAGE. I cypher that, while the boys experience immense spoilt luck due to the author, the story still proves its point. It is still possible though, that the toughened luck of the boys could present been experienced in real life. I think that without this bad luck, the point of the story wouldnt be as great, because without the restraints Golding placed on the boys, life on the island would have been too easy for the boys. The study constraint that Golding puts on the boys is the personality clash between Jack and Ralph. From the beginning, when Ralph is elected leader, Jack hates Ralph, and towards the leftover of the book, the feeling becomes mutual. Without Jack and Ralphs problems, life would have been easy, and the iniquity of mans heart would not have been conveyed to the reader. Jack immortalises the darkness and if he and Ralph had simply been friends, there would never have been an opportunity for Jack to show this darkness which lurked beneath the surface. Golding also uses the dead pilot conveniently against the boys - the way in which he is caught in the trees just in the right position to be caught by the wind and look like the beast and the way the wind picks up subsequently Simon has let him down from the trees and carries him out to sea, so that the other boys plundernot come over that it wasnt a beast. The author uses the boys fear against them, and although this could possibly happen in the situation, Golding uses it as a weapon against them, their morale and their companionship. I think that the boys split up and go to Jack because of the fear - he can kill the beast, he can get them meat, and if they ever get upset, he can start a dance and all will be fine.Lord of the Flies essays papersLord of the fliesArtificial Restraints in Lord of the FliesGOLDING PUTS SO MANY ARTIFICIAL RESTRAINTS ON HIS STORY IN ORDER TO EMPHASISE HIS POINT, THAT THE WHOLE THING COMES OUT TOO NEATLY AND, IN FACT, REDUCES THE POWER OF HIS MESSAGE. I think that, while the boys experience immense bad luck due to the author, the story still proves its point. It is still possible though, that the bad luck of the boys could have been experienced in real life. I think that without this bad luck, the point of the story wouldnt be as great, because without the restraints Golding placed on the boys, life on the island would have been too easy for the boys. The major constraint that Golding puts on the boys is the personality clash between Jack and Ralph. From the beginning, when Ralph is elected leader, Jack hates Ralph, and towards the end of the book, the feeling becomes mutual. Without Jack and Ralphs problems, life would have been easy, and the darkness of mans heart would not have b een conveyed to the reader. Jack shows the darkness and if he and Ralph had just been friends, there would never have been an opportunity for Jack to show this darkness which lurked beneath the surface. Golding also uses the dead pilot conveniently against the boys - the way in which he is caught in the trees just in the right position to be caught by the wind and look like the beast and the way the wind picks up after Simon has let him down from the trees and carries him out to sea, so that the other boys cannot see that it wasnt a beast. The author uses the boys fear against them, and although this could possibly happen in the situation, Golding uses it as a weapon against them, their morale and their companionship. I think that the boys split up and go to Jack because of the fear - he can kill the beast, he can get them meat, and if they ever get upset, he can start a dance and all will be fine.

Masculinity in Men Should Weep by Ena Lamont Stewart and Perfect Days b

Masculinity in Men Should hollo by Ena Lamont Stewart and Perfect long time by Liz LocheadBoth plays portray men under a negative light. In Men Should Weepmen be the dominant sex and are seen socially of far greaterimportance. Whereas in Perfect days men are easily gentlemanipulated andtend to be controlled by the contents of their trousers.Men Should Weep is a play which psychoanalyzes how the family unitcrumbles under the pressure of poverty. butt the father of thefamily is the main male figure throughout the play. His wife Maggiedoes everything for him and their family. However although there is perpetually a lot to be done John manages not to do anything to help as hewould never want to damage his alter ego. not only doesnt he helparound the house but he is also unemployed. This says a lot aboutJohns eccentric person and implies that he is a selfish self-centredcharacter.Id an idea a was heid o this hooseAlthough John gives the family no support in anyway he is still quite content in thinking that he is head of the household. Due to the waysociety was at this time it implied that women had to do as theirhusbands told them. in one case women married they were their husbandsproperty. Men in that day and age overruled women they were morepowerful and a lot of women feared them for various reasons. Domesticabuse was a main reason for this fear. Although a lot of women weredomestically abused it wasnt whateverthing they talked about. Mrs Boneone of the neighbours which are used as a vehicle to examine how menhave a hold over women in the play is a victim of domestic abuse.I just canna understand a women who lets her man bash her aboot..Standing up to men was unheard of you just wouldnt... ...Brendan doesnt know about. Grant is seento give Barbs a lot of happiness but their kin ends withGrant asking.Why are you so ashamed of me?This portrays Grant as a very nave character as Barbs was only usinghim for a bit of fun the relationship as never serious, yet he lookedupon it to be.In conclusion the portrayal of men and masculinity in two Scotchplays that I have studied are that they completely dominate thesociety. They are selfish self-absorbed characters.In Men Should Weep this is portrayed through John a veryself-absorbed character. I think the generators purpose was to show howbad the conditions were that people use to live in and some peoplestill do.In Perfect Days the men are portrayed to be very stupid and weakcharacters. I feel that the writers purpose was to show that womencan cope without men.

Review of Literature on Abortion in the Family Essay -- Abortion Pregn

Review of Literature on Abortion in the Family Abortion is a very controversial subject that has been continuously argued over for the past few years and probably for many more years to come. Women who argon making the conclusion are effected emotionally, mentally, and physically since their bodies are going through many changes which it is not accustomed to. The main controversy is, whos right is it to abort? Many impart argue and say it is the womans right to chose what she does with her experience body, but what about the fathers right? The mans involvement in the abortion decision is not about the womans choice, it is about his own responsibility to her and the child (Arthur 1999). There are deuce sides to this abortion topic the pro-life, which is those who are against abortion altogether, and the pro-choice, or those who believe it is the womans right to choose if she wants to have an abortion. These two groups offer different solutions to the problem. The pro-life solu tion is to have the child and basically live with him/her. They believe abortion is not an answer. The pro-choice solution is abortion because of reasons they belief are appropriate. When pregnancy is unwanted women perceive the choice of abortion as the least of three evils abortion, bankers acceptance, or keeping the child (Smith, 2000). Pregnancy changes a womans life, no matter of whether or not it ends in abortion. The woman making the abortion decision looks at a variety of relationships to help her make the decision. Often, she will discuss her options with a physician or counselor. If she does decide to get an abortion, there are many factors she will have to face. According to an article in Business 2.0, written by David Shribman (2000), women who have had abortions are at greater risk of suffering emotional and psychological problems which may interfere with their ability to concentrate, make decisions, and interact with others. As a result, it reduces the womans l evel of job skills and employment opportunities. Post-abortion women are more likely to engage in drug and alcohol abuse, often as a result of the ungodliness and negative feelings held inside of them after the abortion. This may prevent them from entering other meaningful relationships. They are likely to become pregnant again and undergo supererogatory abortions and are more likely to never marry, more likely divorce, and m... ... Legal abortion may help parents limit their families to the number of children they want and can afford, both(prenominal) financially and emotionally. Many unwanted babies are abused, neglected, or even killed by uncaring or immature parents (Smith 2000). There is a lack of babies up for adoption because abortion is legal. Perhaps if abortion was illegal, women could go ahead with the pregnancy and then give the baby up for adoption. Abortion is a significant issue in society that has a lot of conflicts. There is still no conclusion because one can see this problem from many different perspectives. If a soulfulness supports a pro-life or pro-choice group, they cannot judge objectively if the other group has a different way of thinking. Society cannot judge pro-life activists as a group who have no respect for a womans right. On the other hand, one cannot say that pro-choice is a better group because they are more aware of human need. Society will never understand the feelings of a woman who has had an abortion unless they are in her place. To solve this problem, society needs to spend some time to think carefully and to weigh both sides of the issue to make the best decision possible.

Sex in Woman on the Edge of Time Essay -- Woman on the Edge of Time Es

Sex in Woman on the Edge of Time In beach Piercys book, Woman on the Edge of Time, sex plays a major role in both the utopia and the dystopia. The portrayal of sex in the novel comes from a womens rightist point of view. The main character, Connie, is caught between a utopian world and a dystopian world where the takes on sex are on different levels. By using a womens rightist approach, the two worlds of sex can be examined and contrasted. In the dystopia that is Connies present life, sex is a painful and often a ruby experience. Rape, prostitution, and other sexual abuse are a dominant part of the characters lives. In the opening scene of the book, the reader is immediately introduced to this issue. Connie has to open her door to her just close relative, Dolly, only to see that she has been beaten by her fianc who is also her pimp. Connie has had to live her entire life with the thought that sex is violent rather than an act of love. Piercy uses the feminist ideals that men a re the cause of the pain for women in a very explicit manner. For example, Geraldo, Dollys fianc, sho...

The Role of Nonprofit Organizations in Compensating for Market Failure

The Role of Nonprofit Organizations in Compensating for Market FailureABSTRACT This paper reviews three social scientific accounts of the civic sectors graphic symbol in society the government failure, contract failure, and voluntary failure theories. All three explain the role of nonprofit organizations as compensating for the markets failure to provide certain collective goods. This approach involves a radical misinterpretation of the underlying principles of civic sector organizations. An account is needed that explains their economy in terms of their normative concerns, quite a than explaining normative concerns in terms of their economy. I lay a foundation for such an account by examining (1) the self-understanding among civic sector organizations that they should be mission-driven, and (2) the implications of this self-understanding for the sector as a social economy. Whereas mission-drivenness calls attention to service-provision, resource-sharing, and open communication as the normative core of civic sector organizations, the notion of a social economy suggests a recirculation of money into channels where standard economic logic no longer holds. The key to the civic sectors role lies not in responses to market failure, but in the short-circuiting of a money-driven capitalist economy. Three trends will shape the future of education around the world the revolution in information technologies, the crisis of the welfare state, and the globalization of a consumer capitalist economy. In the face of such powerful developments on a massive scale, philosophys efforts toward educating humanity (1) can seem both presumptuous and quixotic presumptuous, because a good deal of philosophy has given up global theorizing of sort ... ...n producers and consumers, or among consumers.(10) Jon Van Tils Mapping the Third Sector Voluntarism in a Changing Social economy (Washington, D.C. Foundation Center, 1988) hints at this, but a communitarian emphasis on building hab its of the heart keeps Van Til from pursuing the normative implications of voluntarism for the communication that should characterize such organizations and their dealings to the public.(11) Civic sector organizations are under tremendous pressure to bend their communicative capacities for the sake of sales, advertising, marketing, and public relations strategies whose primary objective is the promotion and deliverance of the organization itself. While such strategies are necessary, openness suffers when communication subserves these strategies rather than these strategies themselves submitting to tests for open communication.

Borders and Walls in Humanity :: History Barriers Society Philosophy Essays

Borders and Walls in HumanityWhen a wall is encountered literally and physically, there are many different ship canal in which a person can react to the situation. One group of people would generally just find a way over or around the obstacle. While some other people might pursue a way directly through the wall. Both have their advantages and disadvantages, but they two exist as outcomes to the same dilemma. The basic wall has been around with humanes for as long as the discovery of masonry has been around. Robert Frosts poem fixing Wall is one such example of how a wall can have conflicting properties of human interaction. The neighbor in the poem says that fences make better neighbors and that the two neighbors involved with the wall rebuild it each spring and they enjoy fixing the wall with each other. The poem just helps illustrate that walls are an weighty factor in human activities. Walls are not limited to any specific culture or region and still they continue to be make over time. Yet the general application of the wall has been used primarily to either wall something out, or to keep something walled in. The earliest walls were made with a human skill called stone masonry which is the skilled stacking of stones to form a cohesive structure. Walls as just a singular structure and not to be considered as map of an enclosed building with a roof, is a general subject that changes details from area to area. Walls the keep things in have generally been used as a way to border up local activities within a certain amount of space. Some more obvious examples of walls as barriers to keep things within the walls intromit prisons, walled-in private communities, farm fences, and other examples where people want to maintain their own private space. Walls that can do the exact opposite of keeping substance inner(a) are meant to be obstructions that keep other things outside from a space. National and private borders are an example of wal ling out unwanted factors. Security fences, walls as defending locations, and walls simply placed for the sole purpose of obstruction are effective obstacles that humans have been building for centuries. Early building materials for a wall would be limited to the natural resources in the local area that the builders would want to build the wall in.

Has the lottery replaced the government in the funding of education Essay

The overarching makes of education underlie the construction of the curriculum and funding. Education, in the broader sense, aims to develop the individual, to enlarge a childs knowledge, experience and imaginative understanding, and thus his sensory faculty of moral values and capacity for enjoyment and also to enable the child to take his place in society. The school education on the different hand, has the aim to provide opportunities for all pupils to learn and achieve, to promote spiritual, moral, social and cultural development and to prep ar pupils for the opportunities, responsibilities and experiences of life.Consider the school of the late 20th century. It has not changed a intact lot in the last fifty years or so. Isolated from the rest of the universe of discourse except for one or two school-business partnerships. Working at the edges of the school, these partnerships attempt to provide students with some insight into the working world or give some marginal discreti onary resources for the principal to use. The resources are used on one of a multitude of unrelated programs that the school has set up to cope with the problems that society has dumped on the school.The school itself has created barriers that shelter and isolate it from the work of the world that goes on around it. The technological innovations that are pervasive in the business world have yet to penetrate the classrooms except for a single computing device in individually classroom that the teacher barely knows how to use. Few business people, even the partners, ever come to school those who do are shocked by the conditions they find and by the discipline problems with which teachers must contend.Still they are comforted by the fact that school feels pretty much like it did when they went to school. On the other hand, the quality of services on a university campus is one thing to measure the quality of manufactured goods is another matter. Chubb, J. and Moe, T. takes this furthe r and says that a service cannot be objectively measured. Such frustration stems from the difference mingled with services and goods. For example, educational services are intangible and cannot be packaged, displayed or inspected fully by prospective students. go also have a perishability problem because they cannot be stored for future delivery when students cut class, the professors time is wasted. Unlike goods, services are elusive to separate from their provider an academic course is as fascinating or as boring as the professor. There is also a lot of variant in services. For example, the mood of the professor could impinge on his or her tolerance for chatting in class. Services are difficult to standardize. Unlike manufactured goods, services are not as susceptible to strict quality control.With regards to these needs in education, more states are actually looking for fund in order to act educational development. Out of 42 states that uses lottery, 24 of it uses the effe ct for school financing aside from the support of the government. In line with this research, the data that describes the 2005 and 2006 development of schools in each state considered. Basically, this make-up attempts to identify if the massive lottery practices in each states promotes educational development in terms of funding.The ReportFrom the previous discussion, The Chicago reporter found out that the lottery does not supplement school funding, even though the proceeds goes directly the states Common School Fund. On the other hand, the South Carolina Education Lottery was approved by constitutional referendum in 2000, and implemented shortly thereafter. In contrast to other education lotteries, the edict establishing the lottery contains substantive measures to ensure that lottery revenues supplement, rather than replace, general fund tax revenues earmarked for education.Aside from this, the involvement of lottery in funding the schools needs army a good advantage as Califo rnia Performance Review supported the option. California lottery players, retailers and, most importantly, its public schools, all stand to overhear from changing state laws that restrict the lotterys ability to increase sales. These changes are not only consistent with the mandated purpose of The Lottery Act as approved by the voters, they represent the only risk-free way to ensure that lottery dollars to education will not actually decrease.In line with this, this paper will evaluate and compare the current development in 46 states in which 24 of it uses the proceeds of lottery to education while the other 22 only uses the support of the government. The Method To determine the current performance of schools in 46 states, the researcher compares the amount of budget between states w/ lottery proceeds used in school funding and states w/o lottery proceeds used in school funding.To determine the difference of budget between these states and the status of development in each school, the researcher conducted an analysis from the data obtained in these 46 states (The distribution of data is shown in the Appendix A) using t-test procedures. From 24 schools that are currently using lottery proceeds, the analysis of their education budget was also compared to their previous years in which lottery proceeds is not universe considered (see Appendix B). The use of its mean and coefficient of variation are performed for evaluation of budget.

The Importance of Keeping Appointments

Article 86 of the Uniform Code Of Military Justice. This Article covers Point and bug outer space of Duty. That means from PT formation to COB, that is where you are supposed to be. What a lot of Soldiers do not understand that includes appointments made by them or someone else. We keep up appointment times, formation times and many other start times that dictate we will be there. If a Convoy has a time of cardinal hundred hours and the Soldiers decide to show up late because they did not feel like getting ready on time people could die. If they rolled out on time, they may have avoided an ambush.It sounds extreme but time management plays a critical role in the soldiers. When you make an appointment that spot has been taciturn for you. That means if you have been given the last slot someone else is going to have to wait for another one to open up. This could be one twenty-four hour period or one month. And because you missed it someone else is still going to have to wait when they could have had that spot and been there. If you are going to miss the appointment or cannot make it due to mission or other circumstances they do allow us to cancel the appointment with in twenty four hours.The Army allows us to make appointments for whatever we need. Be it for a medical appointment, house goods, CIF, Smoking Sensation or whatever we need these recourses are available to us. exactly when Soldiers start missing appointments theses systems start to become inefficient. What a lot of Soldiers do not realize is that when they miss an appointment it does not just affect them it affects the immaculate chain of command from the Squad Leader all the way to the First Sgt.

Language learning styles used by students in globalization

side of meat linguistic converse is truly considered as a important linguistic parley since it has been practiced for pass oning worldwide. Therefore, larning side of meat is really common in many invokes and linguistic communication acquirement ingenuity be used by pupils in globalisation. Language learning manners ar the nucleus factors that serve well influence up ones mind how the pupils learn a foreign linguistic communication. A foreign linguistic communication is a linguistic communication studied in an environment where it is non the major vehicle for both twenty-four hours communicating and where input in the linguistic communication is categorise ( Rebecca, 2003 ) .In an article by Mulalic et Al. ( 2009 ) , pupils larning manners have been unnoticed as an irrelevant faculty in the erudition procedure. App arently, one time lecturers become advised that disparate pupils learn assorted manners, they try to suit those learning manners in the schoolroom. When l ooking into lectors instruction moulds, it is possible to understand that the bulk of the lectors are non stark naked with their pupils larning manners. The jobs occur when lectors are non cognizant of the signifi corporationce to make and look for acquisition manners.Harmonizing to Felder ( 1996 ) , how much pupils learn in the form is determined partly by the pupils faculty and anterior readying, and the capableness of their acquisition manners and the lector s instruction manners. More specifically, Godleski et Al. ( 1984 ) , the pupils tend to be bored and inattentive in course of instruction, do sick of(p) on trials, acquire discouraged about the class, and may reason that they are non good at the topic of the class and give it up.In a interrogation deal by Izzo ( 1980 ) , confirmed that the size of category is an of import physical factor which influences the pick of method, decreases the sum of verbalisele attending that the instructor gives to each pupil. Howev er, she argued that runty categories are preferred for linguistic communication acquisition and correlated significantly with linguistic communication accomplishment.In the look for article by Tan ( 2008 ) , determine the chief troubles and jobs of EFL scholars in authorship by analysing the genius of their writing mistakes. The outstanding causes of the mistakes were attributable to the restriction of dictionary size, low grammar apprehension and obstructor from first linguistic communication. In the determination of the survey, six effectual instructional intentions were suggested so that instructors can follow a much successful attack to give out pupils composing improvement such as acquisition words, instruction of cardinal sentence construction, demoing reading method, rectifying mistake and category meeting, apprehension of first linguistic communication intervention, and composing inducement.Since face linguistic communication has been introduced in Cambodia, EFL pupils acquisition manners have adapted to the linguistic communication acquisition. In the past pupils were likely to acquire cognition through earreach to the instructors while instructors lacked specific developing about learning methodological abbreviation. In the survey by ( Nguyen 2001 ) , the learning manner of Kampuchean pupils is typically committal to memory at the disbursal of realistic intent. Consequently, they would instead larn grammar and reading than on hearing and quarrel mathematical product. Specifically, around Kampuchean scholars feel more comfy and sweetened with attribute things which are written on the whiteboard in order that they can compose them squander and survey at place. Hopefully, pupils hope to acquire press releases of sum-ups or talk lineations. Furthermore, somewhat Kampuchean scholars reveal that they face a batch of force per unit areas of how to accommodate the new cultural environment and how to acquire on with their equals in ca tegory. Some feel lonely because the ways they dress or talk are so different.As for the instance of EFL Cambodian schoolrooms, Keuk ( 2009 ) , found that most instructors use practical accustomed learning methods such as style interlingual rendition from second linguistic communication to first linguistic communication. As a consequence, pupils are taught to retrieve balls of face linguistic communication with in the main center on grammar and vocabulary.1.2 Problem statementWithout acknowledging proper acquisition manners, pupils seem non to accomplish expose consequences in their academic public institution. Furthermore, pupils are less likely to relegate their linguistic communication acquisition really rapidly, as they do non cognize the effectual acquisition manners. In malice of the assortment of academic classs which the EFL university pupils take in side of meat, and the tough attempts universities and lectors apply to develop pupils linguistic communication accomp lishments, the pupils linguistic communication public presentation, unluckily, has been boring. This could be recognized to the diverse acquisition manners and wonts which are used by pupils in analyzing incline, including preferring holding things written on the whiteboard to perceive to the lectors account, jitteriness of linguistic communication production in schoolroom, preferring grammar interlingual rendition signifier foremost linguistic communication to second linguistic communication while larning English linguistic communication, and preferring spieling separately and personally to working in braces or groups. Didactically, most of the lectors pattern traditional instruction method, grammar interlingual rendition method signifier foremost linguistic communication to 2nd linguistic communication while learning English linguistic communication. The concluding noticeable job is that big categories pose some important challenges in category room scene and decreased effe ctivity of schoolroom direction.1.3 Aims of the surveyThis survey spirits specifically to place the acquisition manners of EFL private university pupils in Cambodia. More interestingly, this survey intends to look the grounds why Kampuchean university pupils use different manners in their learning English as a foreign linguistic communication.1.4 Research inquiriesThis look aims to look into the effectual factors in larning English as a foreign linguistic communication. The undermentioned interrogation inquiries can be formulated for the survey below.1. How do Kampuchean university pupils describe their acquisition manners used in larning English as a Foreign Language?2. Why do the pupils use different manners in their acquisition English?1.5 Significance of the StudyAs a portion of educational development, this survey is important for four grounds. First, investigateing pupils acquisition manners in English in Cambodian higher instruction pass on assist better pupil s lingu istic communication acquisition. Second, the survey volition cast ocular radiation on the effectual acquisition manners of EFL successful Cambodian university pupils, which can be used as a suppositional account of larning English. Third, this research will assist to lend to the utility of appropriate vocabulary instruction and larning techniques in order to advance vocabulary acquisition, peculiarly in EFL Cambodian context. In add-on, from a methodological perceptual experience, it is besides hoped that the findings from this survey will be utile for supplying meaningful suggestions for get the better ofing the jobs that may originate sing the acquisition manners of pupils and how to suit assorted scholars in EFL schoolroom.16 Definition of cardinal footingsIn an effort to better understand this survey, some cardinal footings are defined as follows.EFL pupils acquisition manners mean techniques, behaviours, actions, wonts and stairss employed by scholars larning English as a F oreign Language to better and develop their different linguistic communication accomplishments speech production, listening, reading, and composing. Furthermore, the term larning manner refers to the general attack preferred by the pupil when larning a topic, geting a linguistic communication, or covering with a securely job ( Oxford 2001 Reid 1998 )1.7 Proposed ChapterThis paper will be chronologically composed of five chief chapters. Chapter one is the debut, bearing of background of the survey, research prole job, research aim, research inquiry, significance of the survey, and definition of cardinal constructs. Chapter two is literature reappraisal, which discusses on the jobs and solutions of the survey. Chapter three is methodological synopsis, which consists of research design, players, method, instruments, tools informations aggregation, information analysis, cultural consideration, strengths and restriction of research. Chapter four is treatment and findings of the sur vey, analysing the informations composed from the interviews. Chapter five is decision and recommendation, sum uping the jobs and findings of the survey and proposing some designs to assist better the failings. Furthermore, these five chapters are followed consistently by mentions and appendices.CHAPTER2REVIEW OF LITERATURE2.1. Specifying acquisition mannersIn a survey by Aqel & A Mahmoud ( 2006 ) determined EFL pupils acquisition manners which are used in An-Najah National University. Consequently, the consequence of the findings suggested a assortment of learning English manners, including altering pupils seats, contribute forthing effectual activities, and utilizing ocular AIDSs, which are suited with larning manners used by pupils. Furthermore, the research proles suggested computing machine as a necessary class in English Department and Department of Teaching Methods which give its successful labour in doing pupils rely on themselves to develop their linguistic communica tion proficiency. Besides, the research worker proposes that a survey should be conducted at other universities to detect the usage of larning manners of EFL pupils and the nexus betwixt these manners and pupil s features.In the research survey by Marin ( 2003 ) , the focal point of the probe was on the linguistic communication acquisition manners looking that pupils face linguistic communication troubles with vast accomplishment but with small attempts. However, other pupils faced these troubles with a small success and satisfaction. Besides, this article proved that each scholar had his/her good manner of larning through his/her civilization, educational background and personality.Heffernan ( 1999 ) as cited in Aqel ( 2006 ) , determined that many surveies on linguistic communication acquisition manners applied and gained otherwise base on motive and result, degree of linguistic communication, old ages of learning linguistic communication, learning methods, hard content, and pup ils background and sex. He besides added that successful linguistic communication scholars use assorted manners in larning linguistic communication, and the instructor can assist in increasing acquisition manners through learning schemes that likely help weak pupils to take the appropriate acquisition manners for dissimilar educational undertakings.2.2 Learning manners in schoolroomThe schoolroom still remains a good and comfy topographic point for pupils in larning their linguistic communication. Specifically, pupils acquisition manners have to be taken into history while learning English. In a survey by ( Haynes, 2001 ) , the linguistic communication scholars use certain manners, particularly in their female parent lingua while larning their linguistic communication, and these manners are transferred when they learn a foreign linguistic communication. Similarly, several surveies ( Oxford 1993 OMalley and Chamot, 1990 ) showed that pupils of linguistic communications used assort ed larning techniques such as memorisation, repeat, and imitation, development of positive feeling to linguistic communication and application of information.In a research survey by ( Hayes, 1997 Strevens, 1978 Harmer, 1983 ) , big English categories are frequently related to miss of control and concentration, break, schoolroom interaction, peculiarly deficiency in the faculty to talk English fluently. Furthermore, overcrowded category is one of the restraints on effectual instruction and acquisition. Besides, big categories cut down instructor s attending, produces existent physical uncomfortableness and distraction that negatively affect scholar s attitudes towards their acquisition.Bloom ( 1976 ) , making chances for little category group work which helps each other and proves to be a utile manner to actuate pupils and right mistakes. He besides believed that the size of the group is one of the chief elements which influences in linguistic communication acquisition.In covering with the jobs associated with big categories, Nnaji ( 1991 ) proposed tutorial categories as a solution to assist cut down the threat of big categories. She authorized as the truth that tutorial categories should be used to shorten the defects of big categories. Harmonizing to her, tutorials are debate Sessionss where instructors and pupils talk to each other and show their positions on subjects they did non altogether understandThe learning manner of Kampuchean pupils is typically memorisation at the disbursal of realistic intent. Consequently, they would instead larn grammar and reading than on hearing and speech production. Specifically, most Kampuchean scholars feel more comfy and gratifying with holding things which are written on the whiteboard in order that they can compose them down and survey at place. Hopefully, pupils hope to acquire press releases of sum-ups or talk lineations. Furthermore, some Kampuchean scholars reveal that they face a batch of force per unit areas of how to accommodate the new cultural environment and how to acquire on with their equals in category. Some feel lonely because the ways they dress or talk are so different. ( Nguyen 2001 )However, a figure of personality features have been associated with successful linguistic communication acquisition. These include being willing to take hazards ( Ruben 1979 as cited in Willis 2001 ) , holding self-confident ( Heyde as cited in Freeman and Long 1991 ) , and being interested ( Ellis and Sinclair as cited in Willis 2001 )2.3 Vocabulary acquisitionIn larning a foreign linguistic communication, vocabulary plays a critical enjoyment. It is one factor tie ining with the four accomplishments such as speech production, listening, reading and composing. In a research article by Mohd et Al. ( 2009 ) , investigated the pass judgment larning vocabulary schemes of undergraduate EFL scholars and its relation to the scholars vocabulary size. There are five assorted classs of vocabulary larn ing schemes such as finding, memory, societal, cognitive, and metacognitive. Consequently, the findings of this survey led to some suggestions to better pupils vocabulary acquisition, developed their vocabulary size, and enhanced their English acquisition.As for the instance of EFL Cambodian schoolrooms, Keuk ( 2009 ) , found that most instructors use practical accustomed learning methods such as vocabulary interlingual rendition from 2nd linguistic communication to first linguistic communication. Therefore, pupils are taught to memorise balls of English linguistic communication with chiefly focused on grammar and vocabulary.Maghsodi et Al. ( 2010 ) , reading should be encouraged either inside or outside category because it is the most of import tool which helps supply scholars with the vocabulary acquisition. It is believed that the more scholars are exposed to new words, they more they are likely to retrieve them.In the survey by Minji ( 2008 ) , explored which vocabulary directi on is more helpful for larning English vocabulary. Consequently, each instructional attack is required to analyze, reappraisal, and integrate to find the utility as a whole. In the visible radiation of the major findings of this survey is that vocabulary direction is effectual overall for EFL scholars even though there are some instructional attacks which are non related to effectual acquisition. Harmonizing to National Reading beautify ( 2000 ) , helped find the effectual deductions of vocabulary direction for first linguistic communication scholars, including learning vocabulary both straight and indirectly, the importance of repeat and multiple exposures to vocabulary points, reconstituting vocabulary undertakings, and implying active battle in larning undertakings for vocabulary.2.4 Grammar acquisitionGrammar is viewed as an indispensable component for communicating to take topographic point because it identifies how linguistic communication is used. Harmonizing to Larsen et Al . ( 1997 ) , the misinterpretation of the function of grammar is recognized to the fact that it is ever considered to be governed by many fixed regulations.As for the instance of Mat et Al. ( 2010 ) , turn outing the assorted between the methodological outlooks and the scholars in contrast to the existent instruction methodological analysis followed by their teachers. More significantly, this research article focuses on the five facets medium of direction, including grammar direction, teachers as theoretical account, the utility of boring, apery and memorisation, and the usage of educational tools which is pertained to the foreign linguistic communication methodological analysis. In the determination of the survey, a serious divergency between pupils learning ability and their existent schoolroom in footings of how grammar is instructed. Besides, grammar regulations should be explained and should non be trained and taught explicitly.2.5 Reading mannersReading involves a assortment of factors which may hold an impact on scholars reading ability. weaver ( 1988 ) defined reading as the procedure of building intending through the energetic interaction among the reader s bing cognition, the information recommended by the written linguistic communication, and the state of affairs in reading context.In a survey by ( Miller & A Yochum, 1991 Donnell & A Wood, 1999 ) , maintained that the reading troubles pupils face may be related to inaccurate cognition of the reading procedure, deficiency involvement and motive, eloquence, construct denseness, organisation, and hard vocabulary.Comprehension or reading schemes show how readers conceive of a undertaking, how they make sense of what they read, and what they do when they do non understand. In short, such schemes are procedures used by the scholar to heighten reading comprehension and overcome comprehension failures ( Singhal, 2001 ) .In a 2nd linguistic communication survey, Hosenfeld ( 1977 ) used a think-aloud p rocess to place dealingss between certain types of reading schemes and successful or defeated 2nd linguistic communication reading. The successful reader, for case, kept the significance of the transition in head while reading and skipped less of import words but the unsuccessful reader lost the significance of the sentences when decoded and rarely skipped unimportant words.2.6 Speaking mannersSpeaking is a key for pass oning worldwide. It is the productive accomplishment in linguistic communication acquisition, which places a great demand on pupils logical and critical thought. In the article by Widiati ( 2006 ) , discussed jobs in the instruction of EFL speech production, activities usually practiced, stuffs normally used in EFL speech production categories, and appraisal of unwritten English proficiency. Based on the determination, Indonesian scholars often have non achieved a good degree of ora1 English proficiency. For illustration, Mukminatien ( 1999 ) showed that pupils of English section have a batch of errors while talking. The errors consist of pronunciation, grammatical truth, vocabulary, eloquence, and synergistic communicating. Likewise, Ihsan ( 1999 ) found in his survey that pupils are likely to do mistakes, including the wickedness of parts of address, syntactical building, lexical pick, and voice.Ihsan et Al. ( 1999 as cited in Eyiyuliwati 1997 ) , showed that pupils had troubles in utilizing grammar and in using new vocabulary points in talking category.When the ability to talk English is a really hard undertaking sing to the nature of what is included in speech production. Not all of the pupils in an EFL speech production category have the courage to talk. Many of the pupils feel nervous in a speech production category and some are likely to maintain silent. In the research by Padmakewi ( 1998 ) proved that pupils go toing a speech production category frequently felt dying because of demands from the speech production undertakings necessi tating them to make presentation separately and spontaneously within restriction of clip. While Tutyandari ( 2005 ) , stated that pupils maintain quiet due to the deficiency of autonomy, prior, cognition about subjects, and hapless relationship between instructor and scholar. In order to cover with pupils limited cognition, she recommended talking instructors make active the pupils anterior cognition by inquiring inquiries associating to subjects under argument. Besides, she suggested that pupils self-pride can be improved and their jitteriness reduced by inquiring them to work in little groups.To accomplish a higher quality of the instruction of EFL speech production and to better the speech production accomplishment of Indonesian EFL scholars, Mukminatien ( 1999 ) , suggested instructors give their scholars more equal input for acquisition in the schoolroom and force them to go for English either in or outside the schoolroom. More specifically, Citraniugtyas ( 2005 ) stated th at a soundless speech production category can be make more active by delegating undertakings which develop pupils critical thought accomplishments.Purjayanti ( 2003 ) found presentation to be helpful to promote pupils to pass on thoughts in their Fieldss of survey. She added that through presentation and its readying pupils were able non merely to pattern speech production, but besides to seek for stuffs and present them in a planned manner. undersize group treatment is an extra activity that can be conducted in EFL speech production schoolroom. Its economic consumption is to ease scholars to be participated actively in a treatment refering with pupils limited figure. In a survey of Murdibjono ( 2001 ) demonstrated that discoursing in little groups is an effectual activity so that pupils have more clip to pattern talking with their schoolmates.2.7 Listening mannersListening is a critical component in the competent linguistic communication public presentation of EFL university pup ils. Therefore, listening comprehension is an of import sill, every bit good as requirement for unwritten proficiency. In the survey of Goh ( 1997 ) , troubles to listening compaction can be divided into individual cognition and undertaking cognition. The obstructions of individual cognition are the restriction of vocabulary, idiomatic look, sorts of input with new construction, fast address. While the undertaking cognition related to new vocabulary, assorted local anaesthetic speech patterns, address rate, the involvement and intent of listening, bing cognition and experience, physical factors, and the length of sentence construction. However, he suggested two schemes for assisting scholars become better hearer. The first is direct scheme it aims at increasing perceptual experiences. Learners L2 can better the hearing by practising perceptual experiences sound, content, pronunciation of new words, words, and modulation characteristics. The 2nd is the indirect scheme its purpose is to better cognition about talkers, undertakings, and scheme.Harmonizing Hann ( 2000 ) , the usage of uneffective larning schemes of scholars may impact their hearing comprehension and scholars experience. Assorted sorts of listening comprehension may do some jobs due to the insufficiency of the message from factors associating to the talkers address, and to the scholar proficiency in listening comprehension. Furthermore, it was found that EFL scholars are ill equipped with effectual hearing schemes, accomplishments, activities.To assist better better the hearing comprehension, in a survey by Wen-sheng ( 2007 ) , conducted in China, hearing is really important input, but many of the pupils in Chaozhou principle College, Hanshan Normal University, and Chaozhou Guangdong were upset with listening. In the determination of the survey, there were a batch of important listening techniques which were neglected by instructors. However, a research worker suggests that more listening sch emes should be taught in categories and learning program is given.2.8 Writing mannersIn the article by Hafida ( 2010 ) , conducted in Tlemsen, Algeria, analyze both the university demands for the English academic grade in Algeria, and pupils demands so as to better a pedagogical model that would react both exigencies. As a consequence of the probe, the research worker suggested the execution of a scheme such as found authorship course of study for EFL university pupils that would develop their strategic competency and consolidate their lingual cognition.Since the Chinese pupils hapless communicative ability in unwritten and written English, there is a concern in English instruction and acquisition in China. In the article by Yan ( 2006 ) explored a successful method so as to develop pupils speech production ability. As a consequence of the determination, Scenario-based Learning, two brooding theoretical accounts are introduced to better the unwritten and composing in English. Sc enario-Based Learning ( SBL ) is a structured method for calculating out some issues impacting the lives of specific persons or groups of persons. Besides, It confronts pupils with an of import context based on existent life state of affairs which requires them to take portion in an imagined series of events.In the survey by Osman ( 2010 ) , investigates the troubles faced by tyro academic authors and proposes recommendations to assist these authors to be better collaborative authors. In the determination of the survey, novice authors have troubles during their collaborative authorship, including inability to work with their spouses, hapless linguistic communication proficiency, hapless research accomplishments, holding limited clip to discourse, missing thoughts, confronting emphasis during collaborative authorship, hence, it is suggested that the university and the lectors should supply them with the chances of ( 1 ) supplying intensive reading plan ( 2 ) learning interpersonal accomplishments ( 3 ) instruction clip direction ( 4 ) supplying pre-collaborative writing Sessionss ( 5 ) supplying pre-collaborative writing Sessionss ( 6 ) and supplying teacher/ equal aidHarmonizing to Bereiter and Scardamalia ( 1987 ) as cited in Rouiller ( 2005 ) , composing by and galactic suffers from deficiency of interaction that stimulates unwritten production in conversation. However, to guarantee successful acquisition, secede & A Wong ( 2000 ) as cited in Lourdunathan & A Menon ( 2005 ) , believe that scholars should show appropriate concerted behaviour and peer support. It is necessary because some pupils have troubles in forming their thoughts and are weak in English linguistic communication every bit good. This can impede them from take parting in their collaborative work.Chapter 3Methodology3.1Research designSince the purpose of this survey significantly focuses on a private university in Cambodia, the research worker will utilize a qualitative attack. The research worker will research the acquisition manners of EFL Cambodian university pupils. The instance survey method tends to consistently look into an event or a set of related events with the specific purposes of portraiture and explicating this phenomenon. ( Berg, 2009 )3.2 ParticipantsThis is a instance survey which explores the acquisition manners of Kampuchean university pupils. The participants of this survey will be selected from a private university in Phnom Penh. The sample will dwell of 6 pupils, who are analyzing English Literature in that university. Besides, the research worker will take both female and male pupils. Before carry oning interviews, the research worker will do an assignment and advise the grounds of visit to the Rector of University.3.3 InstrumentWith the intent of acquiring trusty information, unstructured interview, informal conversation and participant observance will be used in order to obtain dependable informations. Interviews will be taped and op en-ended inquiries ( see below appendix for inside informations ) . In add-on to the above interviews, category observation will be utile tool to obtain informations. The observation checklist will fundamentally revolve about on pupils larning manners both in schoolroom and outside schoolroom.3.4 Data CollectionSince the qualitative informations aggregation process requires the research to plunge wholly in the nature scene, the research worker will transport out unstructured interview after observation and taking notes. The interviews will dwell of open-ended inquiries and tape-recording ( see appendage below ) for the inside informations. Prior to transporting out the interviews, the research worker will inquire permission from university curate and pupils. The research worker expects each interview will take around 50 proceedingss and occur in the university or outside the university. The options for choosing site for interview will be provided for the participants because it h elps cut down the participants troubles. Furthermore, the survey aim will be verbally informed to participants before carry oning interviews. With permission from participants, the research worker will utilize tape-recording to enter the whole interviews. The research worker might inquire different participants to reply the inquiries based on their penchant. The research worker will personally detect English pupils utilizing participant observation techniques. The observation will fundamentally concentrate on pupils larning manners in schoolroom. The pupils will be asked to supply their responses about the acquisition manners of EFL Cambodian university pupils based on their thoughts. The experimental protocol will include the descriptive activities in the scene and brooding thoughts from the research worker. Besides these observations, informal conversation will be made with participants in order to obtain deeply their perceptual experiences about linguistic communication acquisit ion manners. The research worker may take a hardly a(prenominal) brief notes in the field puting but take notes of learning techniques and behaviours after observation.3.5 Data AnalysisThe research worker will form and fix the information for analysis every bit shortly as the information has been collected from the participants. Then the research worker will pass tonss of clip reading all informations and listening to tape entering in order to cancel the irrelevant information. Next, the research worker will code the text to categorise the information. Furthermore, relationship of informations will be identified to construe the significance of informations collected. Finally, in order to guarantee the dependability and cogency of informations, the research worker will seek to reread the informations and inquire investigator squad to look into the information. Furthermore, matrixes and graphs will be specifically presented. Therefore, they will visualise the troubles of Kampuchean EFL pupils acquisition manners3.6 Ethical ConsiderationTo successfully carry on this survey, the research worker will take into consideration about some precautions. First, the consent signifier will be given to the participants to subscribe if they truly agree to fall in in the survey. Second, the intent of this survey will be clearly informed to participants in order to construct common apprehension and resonance. Third, the research worker will deeply state the participants that their engagement will be voluntary and halting from interviews will be the participants pick. Finally, the research worker will maintain informations collected in secret topographic point which no 1 besides research worker will hold entree to acquire it. Furthermore, I will dumbfound together the names of participants but maintain them confidential. Personal identifiers will be released to the populace in a manner that protects the designation of participants.3.7 Limitation of ResearchThis survey is p oint with the undermentioned restrictions, which affect the generalization of the determination. First, the survey merely focuses on university English pupils in Department of English. Second, the survey may be limited in its analysis or generalization as it will be conducted in one Kampuchean private university, in which 6students will be selected. Third, since this survey will chiefly research merely of import acquisition manners, some points might be ignored. However, the intent of this survey is non to supply the wide generalisation but to research the acquisition manners of Kampuchean university pupils in a private university in Phnom Penh. Therefore, the above-named combination fortunes might restrict understanding and rating nevertheless, these are by and large overwhelmed and controlled by the research design.

Advantages & Disadvantages of the Internet in Education Essay

Read much http//www.ehow.com/info_8109434_ emoluments-disadvantages- cyberspace-education.html Nearly every classroom in Americas schools can frustrate at the lucre, a number that grew from 35 percent in 1994, according to the National Center for teaching method Statistics. nearly teachers use the profit with every assignment age some otherwises take a different approach. As with any education technique, classroom Internet usage comes with both advantages and disadvantages.Read more http//www.ehow.com/info_8109434_advantages-disadvantages-internet-education.htmlInformationA major(ip) advantage of the Internet is the ability to access all types of learning from library resources all over the field, including magazines, books, intelligence activitypapers and journal overtations, instantaneously. This information increases the learning strength by providing educatees with the current information. It overly expands the resources of a smaller library tremendously. Stu dents victimisation search engines can keep an eye on information quicker and more tailored to their specific needs. As a disadvantage, educators whitethorn confacer this information overload. With all of the information available to students, they may find it difficult to choose which information is most grand to a subject area and also when to stop looking. In addition, the validity of Internet sources varies considerably from website to website, which means students can very easily acquire inaccurate or out-dated information online.Online EducationAn online education provides students with the convenience of going to class and completing assignments on their own timetable. Students can take classes from a college or university nowhere near their home and get an education experience not available to them locally. Students who travel with a job can take a class in a house, hotel room or c arrive atee shop. Students save on housing, gas money and travel expenses. However, an onl ine education means face-to-face instruction does not exist, nor does the ability to get instantfeedback on class assignments in many a(prenominal) situations. They also cant hear questions from other students (or ask questions themselves), which often can give clarification to a student struggling with the concepts of the material.Sponsored Links$0.01 Web HostingScalable, Secure Web Hosting. Try Our Award-Winning Service Now www.hostgator.com/1PennyVirtual Field TripsAn advantage of a classroom Internet connection allows students to take a virtual field trip without ever leaving their school building. Students studying the animals of Africa, the Great Wall of China or the Egyptian pyramids, for example, never get hold of to get on a plane. For schools struggling with budgets and for schools in rural locations, going to an online museum or virtual zoo gives them a unique opportunity they might not otherwise have without Internet access. Disadvantages of this experience mean stude nts cant ask questions of the zookeeper or touch a snake at a zoo. They cant take pictures or create memories with their classmates. For younger barbarianren, a field trip can teach them how to behave in public and respect adults since virtual field trips taket leave the classroom, they only learn to respect their teacher.Social SkillsThe Internet allows students to meet people from all over the arena at the click of a button. Suddenly doing a tenth grade literature project on Irish literature with the help of students in Ireland makes the project more interesting and thus a huge advantage. Artists studying Italian architecture can email experts in Italy around the vast mensuration of artwork. While these opportunities provide great details and resources, they also can damage social skills. Students who reply primarily on the Internet for information and interaction dont talk to people in person as much rather they just email back and forth. This can make it hard to organize l istening skills, especially when interviewing someone, or to acquire appropriate social skills for face-to-face interactions.Advantages and disadvantages of school children using the Internet forresearchIntroductionDiscuss the Advantages and disadvantages of school children using the Internet for research Over the last decade computers have been used more than ever before. The emergence of the Internet during the 1990s allowed educational research materials to be made available done websites. Many people now use the Internet as a primary source of information for their work yet in that respect are many sides to this argument and there are doubts whether this is advisable in all cases. There are both advantages and disadvantages of school children using the Internet for research purposes, these advantages are * The fact that the Internet is an easy tool to use and, once the child has learnt how to use the web they can use search engines to find almost anything. read more.Middle* Th ere is a great deal of software available to stop unwanted sites, viruses or ads coming up, so the child could be trusted to use the internet without being in danger as long as they bear in mind that privacy is important and as long as they do not disclose personal information over the web. * You can get Current, topical information, much(prenominal) as parvenues from around the beingness as the Internet is constantly being updated. * Also, there are many sites, which help children to study through the use of different media such as online Learning. Disadvantages include the fact that * Anyone can publish a web page to support his or her own intents and purposes. read more.Conclusionsome germane(predicate) information * Not all information is on the Internet and so the subject that the particular student may be researching may have more to it than is shown. * There can be many people such as hackers etc. who are trying to access your computer whilst you are on a particular site . This is important to remember when using the Internet for anything. In conclusion, I would say that the Internet is very useful to schoolchildren (like myself) in terms of its research potential but one must be aware of its limitations and should make up sensible practise in using it safely and wisely. However certain points must be remembered to ensure that the research produced is true and realistic. read more. The above preview is unformatted textThis student written piece of work is one of many that can be found in our AS and A Level Internet section.Advantages and Disadvantages of the InternetCan you imagine a life without the internet? Hasnt it revolutionized and eased up our life in many ways? Read on to understand the advantages and disadvantages of the internet. By Ashwini Ambekar Wednesday, October 22, 2008PRINT ARTICLEModern life and business has become easier and the human race markets have shrunk thanks to the immense contribution of the internet technology to communication and information sharing. However this internet technology was not created overnight. In its initial stages of conception it facilitated communication within certain specific network stations through a central mainframe method. Eventually internet operations wherein multiple networks could be connected together was made possible. From here on internet service providers that were privately owned allowed for expansion and use of this technology and it has had a tremendous impingement all over the world.The Internet not only allows for ease in communication through email but also ensures easy availability of information, images, and products among other things. Every day the internet continues to provide a new facility, something new that is immensely convenient and that makes life easier for many people. However this internet like any other technology is also like a Pandoras Box and contains some unwanted elements or disadvantages. Following are the advantages and disad vantages of the internet.Advantages of the InternetThe internet has clear up new avenues for communication. Email facility has allowed people to communicate with minimum wastage of time. It is now possible to send a message to any part of the world through a simple email address and the message is delivered in a matter of seconds. This has allowed businesses to expand and communicate with their vendors and customers located all over the world in record time. Personal communicationhas also become easier thanks to email. Chat rooms, video conferencing are some of the latest additions in this technology and these have allowed people to chat in real time irrespective of the location of the parties involved. The intranet allows for people within an organization to easily communicate and trade information. The greatest advantage of this phenomenal creation is that it is easy to understand and simple to use. Information has been made available easily because of this wonderful technology. Search engines, websites dedicated to different subjects and large tote up of articles and papers are available for perusal in a matter of a couple of(prenominal) seconds.Forums on a number of sites allow people to discuss and share their thoughts and information with others located at different places all over the world. Whether this information is about the latest news happenings in the world or information about your favorite celebrity, everything is available at your fingertips. A huge cache of data is available on the internet on every single subject. With this storehouse of information people can not only increase their knowledge bank but can do so without wasting their time through conventional means such as visiting libraries and conducting exhaustive research. This is particularly relevant for students who can use this wealth of information for their school projects and also to learn new things about the subjects they are interested in. In fact this internet is a boon f or many schools and universities that are now able to assign projects and work to the students and follow their progress which can be easily posted on the school/ university internal websites.Online education has grown at a very fast gradation since internet allows the development and use of innovative tools for imparting education. The internet has also revolutionized the entertainment industry. You no longer need to go to a cinema vestibule to watch your favorite movie. You now have companies offering their services wherein you can just download or order your favorite movie and watch it with a fast internet connection. too you can download your favorite music or other important software in a matter of few minutes. There are a number of shareware programs that allow you to share and download your favorite music and videos.The internet also allows people from different cultures and backgrounds to connect with each other. Internet gaming is a huge business and allows enthusiastic gamers to compete against each other in games eventide when they are located far apart.Likewise dating has alsoallowed people to find their prospective soul mates. Shopping has also got a complete makeover thanks to the contribution of the internet. You have many websites marketing a variety of products of products online and one just needs to select or bid for the desired product and entire fiscal transactions can be conducted through the internet. E commerce has got a facelift because of the internet and entire global business deals can be conducted over the internet. Transfer of money is also no longer a time consuming job and with just a click of a button you can easily transfer currency to anyplace you wish. Some of these services of course come at a price.A variety of other services are also available through the internet including booking of tickets whether they are for traveling, hotel reservations or for your favorite movies. Medical support and guidance is also availabl e through the internet and there are many websites catering to this and a horde of other services.Disadvantages of the InternetWhile the internet has made life easier for people in many ways it is also reflecting an uglier side to its existence through a number of problems that it has thrown up for its users. With a large amount of information freely available on the internet thieving and misuse of this information is a likely possibility. Time and again you see cases of people using someone elses information and research and passing it off as their own. Another problem or disadvantage of the internet is that it has allowed a great deal of anonymity to a large number of people who may access the different websites, forums and chat rooms available. This has allowed perverted individuals to at times take advantage of innocent people and abuse their trust. Since business dealings and financial transactions have become easier because of the internet another problem that has arisen is t hat people can now misuse your private information including financial details such as the credit card number.There have been cases of financial frauds and other problems that people have experienced following misuse of such sensitive information. Some unscrupulous individuals have been successful in creating viruses and links that once clicked can automatically transmit your personal email addresses and other details to certain parties and even your bank account details in some extreme cases. The case where funds are withdrawn or where sensitive data are obtained is called phishing. ane of the biggest problems that theinternet has created is that of spamming. Spamming refers to the activity wherein unwanted emails and other links are sent in bulge to people. These emails may pertain to advertising or random bulk emails and these may contain viruses that may corrupt the system and even if they dont cause any harm these can be plain annoying.The internet has also given birth to vir uses that can wreck havoc in the system and cause a lot of damage. Many websites are notorious for direct adware, viruses and also other malicious software that can slow the computer and in some cases even harm it considerably. The internet is particularly attractive for a child since it has so much to offer in terms of entertainment. However pornography is a serious threat in todays world and this can cause a lot of problems in terms of emotional and mental well being of the child. There are practically millions of pornographic sites and without lapse a child can easily fall into the trap of accessing such sites.Even though a number of informative sites are available there is also a darker side to the internet with the availability of a large number of other problematic sites that can cause serious effects on a child during these impressionable ages. Even though the internet has in many ways brought the world closer together it has in many other ways caused a lot of damage to rel ationships and growth of individuals. This is because the internet can have a huge addictive pull and people are at times known to surf the internet for up to 15 or 16 hours a day. Chat rooms and forums or other ways of interactivity cannot very replace real life socializing and if that takes place internet can be quite detrimental.

Capitol Lake

The history Of the lake goes all the way back to 1951 , when a decametre was built, as well as a concrete passage on 5th Avenue. The initial design was too construct a man-made lake though a dam with underwater mudflats. The dam was finally constructed to help renew a part of Bud Inlet shores that was in deterioration. Many years posterior in the year of 1997, a team of representatives was formed to study the problems of the lake. In 2009, an endorsement was made for the coming(prenominal) of preserving the lake. One issue among Capitol Lake is the sediment that comes and reconciles to he back end of the lake.Over 35,000 cubic yards a year of sediment travel into the lake a year This means now that the lake is 21 % smaller than it was when it was created. This small amount of water is turning the lake into a swamp. Since the capacity of water in the Capitol Lake is more smaller than it was before, the temperature in the lake is getting lots higher. The shallow waters cause the lake to heat up much quicker. These high temperatures support aquatic weeds to grow in abundance, and put anxiety on the fish and another(prenominal) marine life.Another problem among Capitol Lake is the water quality. match and bacteria argon both fix in the water, posing a negative effect to the lake. The high levels of phosphorus promote the growth of algae. Oxygen is as well as used up for marine life in the lake, by algae that putrefy. As well as fecal chloroform bacteria are found among the lake, that wash into the lake and can be very harmful to health. Lastly, the lake has invasive species. Eurasian million weeds crowd the shoreline for native plants, reducing populations of native fish and other species.The New Zealand Mutandis is also another invasive species which is taking over the habitat and native snails which depend on food. As you can see Capitol Lake is very grime and unhealthy. But there are solutions. The Descartes Estuary Restoration Team (DEER) and the Cap itol Lake Improvement & Protective Association (CLIP) have both proposed suitable ideas to save the future of Capitol Lake. The first hypothesis by DEER would be to remove the dam, letting Capitol Lake and the Descartes River to meet and create an estuary, like it was back in the sass.The benefits of an estuary are that it would return allthing to a natural presence. An estuary would demote the lake and opportunity to flush and purify. It would also result in the temperature of the water to drop, greatly reducing algae population. Removal of the dam would also result in a possibility of the invasive species not surviving as well as young salmon would be able to access the estuary. Water quality would improve, as bacteria would decrease. Lastly, it would show an increase in native wildlife and different recreation.Establishing the estuary would result in over 114 million dollars, and without sediment rearrangements. Further cost details and endowments are still being inquired. The idea by CLIP would be to keep the lake as a lake, but to dredge and clean it as needed this would tidy up the lake without having to remove the dam. The benefits of keeping the lake, would be hold the lake as one of the Jewels of Thornton County as well as a major part of the State Capitol Campus. The lake very much protects the downtown area of Olympia by controlling floods.Opening the dam would result in smelly mudflats, as well as change the Marina and Boating Recreation. guardianship the lake as it is also would prevent an increase of sediment flow into the Bud Inlet. Culpa also believes that keeping the lake would prevent Nitrogen and Phosphorus from accessing the river. The also lake supports the local prudence and local events such as Lake Fair, and is a key location for tourism in the Olympia area. Financially, this plan would cost about million dollars over a fifty year period. This includes mainly dredging, renewal of habitat, and dredging.This project would be paid fr om partnerships and state funding such as the City of Olympia, Marine and Yacht Club, and larboard of Olympia. So as you can see both proposals, have their pros and cons. Based on these two main ideas have researched about, I believe that the Capitol Lake Improvement & justification Association (CLIP) is the best plan for the future of Capitol Lake. The lake is truly a major icon to Olympia and if an estuary were to open, the beauty and tourist attraction the lake delivers would greatly reduce.For example, if the dam were to be taken away, what would happen o Likelier and other large city events? Traditional events and activities by the lake might not even happen anymore if it becomes an estuary. But nearly importantly based off scientific evidence, removing the dam, would result in smelly tidal mudflats. Nobody wants a stench that will wander the air every time they go outside. As World War II veteran who grew up in Olympia (who has experienced these mudflats), Dick Seward, expl ains The Mudflats and any water in the area had a stench that Ill never forget.All this pollution is what nearly killed off the Oysters. So as you can see the smell really isnt pleasing. Creating an estuary would also greatly increase the flow of sediment, and Nitrogen into Bud Inlet, which shouldnt be there. CLIPS proposal is half the price as well, and will save a lot of money. So who wants an unsufferable terrible stench that will fill up the atmosphere? Why should the harmful chemicals be brought up to Bud Inlet and the Descartes River? Why should we risk the future of our economy and one of our main tourist attractions?

Effect of Political and Economic Environment in the UK on Toyota Essay

After the oil shock in 1979 the European Automobile had to restructure as a result if car sales drop. This impress in car sales continued until late 1980s. At the moment the demand for cars is precariously balanced. The Market is now facing ch aloneenges concerning quality and technological changes with Nipponese and USA producers having transplants in the UK. Europe is the wide-rangingst producer of automobiles in the world. Production is declining. According to record, 13.7 one thousand million units were being produced in 1989 compared with 7.8 million for North America and 9 million for lacquer. (Global competition and the European Automobile Industry. Pg 3).The UK automobile was expected to rise by the year 2000 by then the securities industry place would be beared by the Japanese, UK and European producers. The first fraternity to set automobile in UK form outside was the US crossover and later others alike(p) General Motors, BMW, Honda, later Nissan and Toyota joine d. The UK has a global quality improvement initiative controlled by society of motor Manu accompanimenturers and traders industry forum. Currently UK has over 1000 automotive suppliers with manufacturing firm based in the UK.How Economic and Political Environment are Affecting Toyota Generally, UK based vehicle manufactures are recording losses. This included companies with proud productivity records. The economic conditions tend not to favor the vehicle market. This is due to performance of cars at cheaper prices in other sectors of the globe. Toyota is not an exception. The political environment of UK does not favor manufacturing plants much. This is evident through the easement at which employment law makes it easier to close manufacturing firms. In cases where any manufacturing plant fails to adhere to the government regulations and the UK British act, it can easily be terminated by law.Majority of UK suppliers are lacking some of the short principles of management like good customer focus, and shortage of skills. Considering that UK has had a good history of quality cars. The market is almost exploited customers have seen almost variety of unique cars in the Market.The prudence of UK is stcapable relative to other economies. Hence, companys wishing to position in UK find it expensive to hire labor in UK. As a result, their take ins are limited due to high expenses on honorarium of labor.The increased cost of energy in the UKs economy to be specific is another economic factor, though this change is being felt all over the globe. This is affecting Toyota as a company negatively since most of its production requires energy.Swot AnalyzesStrengthsBurnaston has do Toyota UK evaluate its first strength through Toyotas corporate finance strategy. (Kerretsu). This is a major strength for Toyota considering that burnaston fits into Toyotas long term global strategy.Toyota also enjoys government support through seminars and automotive academy like the on e launched in 2004 to enhance skill training for the industry. This is helping Toyota to market itself and gain more knowledge on automotive industry.Toyota UK, also has a diversified capital base considering that the company is international and its sales are doing well in other countries. incase of a fall in the market price and demand for cars in Toyota UK, the company cannot collapse because of liquidity problems as it can be funded by its branches in other parts of the world.Weakness Toyota UK is positioned in country with high quality products and variety. This reduces the sales level relative to other countries where the company enjoys monopoly or less competition.Heavy taxes are also affecting the company. The fact that Toyota is foreign company in UK makes it more tax worth than UK based Companies.Toyota UK management feels that the UK that used to once be an attractive place to invest has been changed by the on going economic and legislative climate.The strength of starlin g pound is also affecting Toyotas investment in the UK in relation to the weakness of Euro. Toyota is soon seeking an exchange rate solution in order to trade in UK and survive the market with minimal profits.With the introduction of work place set levies, Toyota doubts whether the charges will impact the behavior of car users something that would affect the companys sales.A shortage of trained engineers in the UK is another constraint facing Toyota UK. Toyota is report to have experienced critical shortages in training new personnel in the information systems department. (Memorandum submitted by Toyota motor Europe, July 2000)Opportunities Toyota UK has the chance of acquiring labor from Japan at a better cost in case the UK economy and labor market is exploited. This gives the opportunity to maximize its sales too. Expansion is still accessible for the company. Despite the fact that the country has many manufacturing companies that have specialized in automotives, its also com e-at-able for the company to expand in UK since the company has its own unique brands. In addition, the company can list in the (UK) foreign stock exchange hence engaging in offshore. The fact that UK is historically know for its high level of production o of vehicles, as far as quality is concerned is in advantage. This is because Toyota UK can learn more techniques or production and improve on the quality of products that it had been producing.Toyota can also produce in bulk. This is because the UK is a bigger Market and much as competition is there, one cannot regularise out the population factor. The UK population is big and the ratio of people to companies interchange vehicles is still low enabling Toyota to Operate.Threats Competition is the major affright facing Toyota UK. With the large number of companies in UK and all producing quality cars, the company can easily be thrown out of market or forced to sell at low prices in order to fit the market. Economic dynamics are a lso major threats in the production process of Toyota UK because the poor performance of the economy dictates that the cost of production might be high and selling price might be low. The U.Ks current fuel crisis is also a possible threat to Toyota UK. If the market price for fuel goes very high, then the demand for vehicles also go down because people will not be unstrained to buy vehicles if fueling is very expensive. (Marketing Teacher 2000).PEST ANALYSIS The UK political set up has history of non-violence and generally friendly to foreigners. The government policies that regulate tax income and monitoring businesses in UK are however, strict. This does not restrict companies willing to do business though, because the rates are fixed. The governments policy on the economy in relation to automobile is rather positive since the government offers support to encourage innovation. On basis of religion and culture the UK people are a collection of different denominations that rarely a ffect investment policy. The governments involvement in trading agreements is however an added advantage for Toyota UK, because they are assured of validity of their license.Economic FactorsThe UK brocaded his interest rates to 5.75% this year. With a rise in interest rates, Toyota UK is affected negatively as it can not be banking its money in Japan. As long as the interest rates are high, this means that the bank charges will be high, reducing the profits that a company can make. UKs monetary policy committee (MPC) warned inflation is still on aid and remains a danger to the entire economy. (BBC News. 24) Some analysts have gone save to determine that this rate of inflation might rise further. This is bad news for Toyota as the sales of the company will have a less apprize than approximated. As a result, expansion is limited as the purchasing power is reduced. The good news about the economy of UK is the fact that the countrys gross domestic product is relatively high and per ca pita income is high enough these two combinations encourage liquidity among the citizens which realizes sales for Toyota. Socio-cultural factors.UKs reception of foreign products is positive. People do not detach instead they observe quality. Majority of dwellers of the land are English speaking hence communication between Toyotas salesmen and the citizens is easy. The ability to socialize by the inhabitants and minimal favouritism facilitates marketing. The older generation of UK has accumulated wealth thus Toyota has a wide client base.Technological factors. It would be a lie to argue that technology allows for products to be made more cheaply in the UK than Japan. tho technology allows for production of quality automobiles in UK. This helps Toyota to produce quality and leave room for innovation. For instance Ford Company and BMW have products that are better than Toyotas, depending on class of the customers who is buying. Integration of sale of automobiles and insurance compan y is another technological advantage. This allows companys selling automobiles to be able to connect their clients with insurance companies. (Alan Capman1995-2005)PORTERS FIVE FORCESThreat of substitute products Toyotas products have a couple of other products similar to them. This makes the companys products to have high elasticity of demand. Buyers have high propensity to substitute. This puts Toyota at the bargaining edge through pushing the company to keep modifying its products in order to be private-enterprise(a). Toyota has to keep revising its prices too. Again this is a disadvantage because probably the cost of production was higher than the prevailing market price. Despite of the high elasticity of demand the switching costs of products is still high, making consumers to stick by one product, this adds to Toyotas advantage. The level of product differentiation is another major threat of substitute products. Toyota has an added advantage over this issue since it has differ ent products and can offer customized products too. Threat of the entry of new competitors. Unless the entry of new firms is blocked, Toyota is exposed to the perfect competition. However Toyota has taken care of this risk through economies of product differentiation and brand equity. The absolute cost advantages are among other ways that Toyota has established its market.The intensity of competitive rivalry. This is the major or determinant of industry competitiveness. Toyota is facing both marketing and innovation competition. The number of competitors is increasing following the governments opening of investors willing to invest. Not forgetting companies like Ford Operations. Toyota has high levels of advertising expertise internationally. Bargaining power of customers. This is the customers ability to pressure the firm to reduce its prices. The number of buyers volume. In UK though buyers are many, options regarding which company to buy from are also many making buyers to have a bigger influence on bargain than Toyota. Not forgetting the availability of information which has been made possible by internet and the UK media. Bargaining power of suppliers. Toyota UK requires labor, components and other factors. Suppliers can influence the market by raising the cost of raw materials to enjoy the industries profit too. However, Toyota UK has suppliers who are competing against themselves too hence making supply price low due to availability of commodities at ease. For example, the tire industry. (Morison .J 2006)Conclusion Toyota Company UK has established itself despite the competitive environment due to diversified portfolio where the company sells other products like, used trunks, car bodies, primary NAICS and insurance linkings. Recently Toyota was confirmed as be exceed performing automobile company in the UK. Media tenor UKs leading media on opinion reported during the 7.5 international Auto salons in Genf. Media tenor, realized a pessimistic trend for the future of the car industry in UK. Toyota has been rated the best performer, as other companies report losses and closing down some of their joints. Overall, Toyota has been able to extend its products to cooperate. Among BMW, DC, Volkswagen, Toyota and Ford in UK, Toyota has the best performance so far.Referencehttp//europa.euMarketing Teacher. (2000). Swot analysis lesson- www.marketingteacher.comMedia tenor International Newsletters (2005-03-08). -Toyota outshines competitors again in UK. www.mediatenor.comAlan Capman (1995-2005) gent Market analysis tool www.businesshalls.comMorison .J (2006) International business environment global and local market place in a changing world. Palgrase Macmillan.

Chinese Language Cinema Essay

During the 21st century chinaware had been recognized to be wizard of the greatest distributors of movies throughout the world. China made a with child(p) influence when it comes to movie industry on varied countries particularly on the American markets. Chinese movies had been widely appreciated by the United States. There are many Chinese actors and actresses who became famous in United States like Jackie Chan, a Chinese actor and director of action proceeding pictures who had become actually famous because of his talent when it comes to acting, doing different creative stunts work, comic manners, and his talent in choreographing different fight sequences.When it comes to film industry and economic status, China was angiotensin converting enzyme of the assoil and biggest contributors throughout the world. China did not ceased in pursuing for success when it comes to movie and film industry. Their culture, state, as considerably as their different kinds of languages and bel iefs became one of the primary reason why mainland China are having difficulties when it comes to producing and building up a great films that leave behind satisfy the taste of different countries particularly the United States.On pursuing their goal in befitting one of the best and highest grosser of economy in the world, China did not waste any time to be able to create a big impact and influence to the American markets especially in the Hollywood (2000). Because of their efforts and patience in continuing their goal to be part of the top countries that are producing and importing top movies in the world, Chinese community became very successful in achieving their goal when it comes to movie industry. In the parentage of the 21st century, China also became very successful in their economic status as well as their entertainment film and Chinese movies (2002).All the trials and difficulties that they have encountered in the past few decades were rapidly transformed to a success ful and progressive country. Mainland China was also kat oncen as economic go-getter because of their successful economic status when it comes to importing and exporting different products and films. Because of their success in economy, Mainland China surpassed other countries like France and Italy who are known to be one of the most successful countries in the world.Chinese cinema became a commodity for worldwide trade, electronics, clothing materials, and even precious and expensive metals. As a conk of their successful and profitable business, film and movie industry became one of their major sources of capital and income. China became one of the most excellent importers of movies in the whole world especially in the United States (2003). In transgress of Chinas good production of movies, there are many criticism that been spreading well-nigh their entertainment. Negative and positive opinions as well as different comments were spreading to the public.Critics implied that som e movies and films are earnestly violating the culture as well as the beliefs of the Chinese community because of some unjust doings and unrighteous acts in the film. However other films that produce under Chinese films are making a big impact to the global society because the message of the film implies some important issues to the viewers. The Chinese filmmakers are now developing their movies and films so they can express the whole story as an art, and they have indicated a very resourceful material that can be reliable to the audience ideas as well as their bode of views (2007).The Chinese filmmakers are very talented when it comes to creating good arrangements of auditory effects, different color effects, environmental forms, and cultural movements that can easily attract the viewers attention. In Chinese cinema, they considered their movies and films as an art, because of their aesthetic value and human being works of beauty. The movies provided by the filmmakers are alwa ys related to their traditions, history, and also based on their social and policy-making status in the society. They are giving some twist to the topic so the viewers or audience will be excited and satisfy from what they viewed.

Why Do Countries Trade with Each Other

Why do countries handle with each other? Show, utilise examples, why this may be to do with principle of comparative advantage. Introduction In 1776 Adam metalworker stated, If a external untaught squirt ply us with a commodity cheaper than we ourselves can demand it, better sully it of them with both(prenominal) part of the attain of our own industry, employed in a counselling in which we have virtually advantage. This sentence shows basic principle on which the orbit trade is based. Countries buy and sell goods abroad to achieve the best possible comprise-effectiveness.Long-distance trade dates back to the ancient times and like a shot it is the heart of the world economy. It is a crucial factor in economic surfaceth of every state. citation of prosperity and development in industrialized world. Statistically speaking, countries with high per capita values of export and import campaign to have relatively rich and prosperous societies. International trade is a nec essity deriving from the innovation of international comm building blocky. Countries have different weather, natural resources, population, educational level of workforce, infrastructure.All these thing make cost of producing fussy commodities different in each rustic. And that difference causes international trade to be reasonable. In my essay Ill try to skilfulify why countries trade with each other by pointing out and explaining concomitant aspects of foreign trade. Natural Resources and Factor of Endowment The just about obvious and visible cause for international trade is a difference in location of natural resources and factor of endowment. Factor of endowment is amountoflabor,land,moneyandentrepreneurshipthat could be exploited formanufacturingwithin a republic.Every country is unique, therefore they have different economic potentials. Some countries by nature have more natural resources, higher population, bigger territory than the others. Uneven location of resource s causes limited possibilities of proceeds within countries. For example France has basically no inunct resources on its own yet it is the world thirteenth biggest consumer (CIA, 2010). That means that it has to import almost all it requires. They are importing it from countries that have oil surplus that they can exchange. Population is also a crucial factor.More populated nations are more likely to suffer colossal surplus of commodities that they can subsequently sell. Like China which huge industry sector produce government issue of goods big enough to sell all over the world. In order to cultivate the land, recruit particular plants, practice animal husbandry very specific climate and soil fertility is necessary. For instance citrous fruit fruits can develop only in climates with a cool winter. Relatively few countries can declare to have weather like this, yet we can buy oranges and limes all over the world.These examples show that some countries do not have physical p ossibility to produce certain goods and have to import them. This is specially noticeable in industrialized western societies which historically have very big demand on tropical goods such as spices, fabrics, fruits etc. Specialization Heckscher-Ohlin theory indicates that countries specializes in the fruit of goods that it is adopted to produce. It straight derives from differences in factor of endowment I described before.Countries have different performance efficiency some are rich in capital and poor in labour power, others have a isthmus of slew but not much capital, some have a lot of raw materials, some other have skilled man power. Principle of specialization is closely related to the division of labour. Whole country adopts a role of producer of certain good when the others do the same with different goods. Of course it is just a simplification because some commodities like for instance cars are produced in many different countries. ane country can be specialized i n production of many different goods.But in cosmopolitan every country produce a certain range of products in high volume. That give them the fortune to invest as much capital and labour as it is possible to develop the production and pass on research. That helps achieving higher efficiency of production and exploit economy of scale. Economy of scale is basically decreasing fair(a) cost of production per unit by expanding scale of output. By specialization economy is capable to produce high surplus and sell it abroad afterwards. Since when costs of production decreases, supply increases.To visualize the point Ill present and theoretical example. Country A is very capital-abundant but is poor in labour and country B is poor in capital, but has a lot of labour force. Country A country can form capital-intensive industries that will have great efficiency thanks to scale of the production. It will produce surplus and then exchange it with country B which specialized itself in labou r-intensive industries. By that means, production of both capital and labour intensive goods will be higher and of better quality. Great authorized world example is Dutch agriculture.Holland is a medium populated country with only 61st place in the world in terms of population (CIA, 2012). Yet its agriculture which employs only 2% of the population nominates pear-shaped surpluses for the food-processing industry and exports. After United states and France it is world third largest exporter of foodstuffs. That is thanks to huge investments in new technologies and mechanised agriculture. Comparative Advantage Both reasons for trading that I described in previous paragraphs boil blue to one dogmatic cause for world trade to occur, comparative advantage.Country has a comparative advantage when it has an world power to produce particular good at lower marginal and fortune cost. Because of limited production capacity no country is able to produce every needed product. To produce p articular good or service, economy sometimes has to give up on producing others. That means that a country has to specialize on producing goods that is has comparative advantage on. For instance lets assume that Poland can produce both cars and grow carrots at relatively low cost but at the same time Ukraine can grow carrots with a bit higher cost than Poland, but cant produce cars.That means that Poland has absolute advantage on both goods but opportunity cost of producing a car in Poland is significantly higher than in Ukraine. By investing work force and capital in cultivation of carrots Poland misses an opportunity to produce more cars which can bring higher revenue to the polish economy. In that way Ukraine has a comparative advantage on production of carrots because Ukrainian economy do not lose opportunity to produce anything, by investing in carrot agricultural production. This example explains why it is sometime worthwhile for countries to export goods that they are capabl e of producing.This can lead everyone to producing only those goods that one can produce most efficiently. Good example of comparative advantage in contemporary world is the fact that on dyad of last few India became a major supplier of phone answering services for USA. Even though obviously Americans have better skill in English language and are able to provide this service independently , relatively high skilled American labour force is needed in another efforts. Opportunity cost of having that service provided by Americans is to apparently to high. Thats why it is transferred to India. ConclusionConclusion that derives from previous points is that world trade is inevitable and necessary mean in contemporary world. Factor of Endowments paragraph clearly states that countries are endowed with resources extremely unevenly. 81% of Petroleum reserves which is currently one of the most desired and needed commodities is localized in only 12 countries(OPEC,2011). Concerning that most of the world countries do not have oil resources big enough to satisfy domestic demand, they have to import it. This is not only oil supply problem, many goods are able to be produced, mined etc. only in certain areas.This is in my opinion the most visible and crucial reason why countries trade. Secondly over the years people understood that specialization and intensification of production can bring huge profit. Economy of scale make per unit production cheaper but involve bigger effort. Thats why it is easier to focus on big production of only some range of goods why importing others. And of course comparative advantage principle which in mathematical way, shows how by division of production between countries and a proper assessment of opportunity cost every country can trade with one another with profit.These three examples of reasons why do countries trade should explain concept of international trade clearly enough and show its benefits and inevitability in contemporary world. Bib liography Smith, A, An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations, (1776) Sokoloff, Engerman, History Lessons Institutions, Factors Endowments, and Paths of Development in the New World, The Journal of Economic Perspectives, obtainable from http//www. jstor. org/stable/2646928? seq=8 Accessed 29th October 2012McKenzie, Lionel, Specialization and Efficiency in World Production. , The Review of Economic Studies21 1 . Smith, A. An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations. (1776), p. 364. 2 . Business Dictionary, Factor of Endowment Definition. Available from http//www. businessdictionary. com/definition/factor-endowment. hypertext markup language Accessed 28 October 2012 3 . The Economist, Economies of scale and scope. Available from http//www. economist. com/node/12446567 Accessed 29th October 2012