The language and structure of poem Essay Example for Free

The language and structure of verse form EssayThe language and structure of poem two Warning is, as with Old Man, Old Man, fairly naive with only four stanzas both but two of which are different lengths. I expect this is because in stanza one, the longest verse, she says all the things she has planned to do in her future as an older woman these of course are all the things that she wants to do so of course there are lots of them. Stanza two says all the things she could do this is not as long because it would have come under the first verse if it was aboutthing that she really wanted to do. Stanza three is also a picayune one as it is about all the things she has to do now which are all boring and tedious. The last stanza is the shortest as it is, in my opinion, what she is thinking but she has to occlusive herself in her thoughts as she might have thought it was not appropriate at this time to act give care an old woman. There is no hoar or rhythm as with poem one or any complicated language. I also suspect this is because it is a straightforward subject and ask no complications. The two poems are really similar as they are both very easy to understand, as there is no complicated lyric poem or English techniques, like similes.The message and tone of poem one is very grim. It takes a pessimistic view of old age utter how your senses set down and how you almost become incompetent. It basically says, you, as someone who is capable and in control will deteriorate to someone who can not do as more than as you want to do as you will not be able to see well, you pretty much will not like itThe message and tone of poem two is almost completely contrary to that of poem one. It takes a very optimistic view of old age saying how you can let go of old barriers in look and be able to do what you want. The story is when you are young you must be creditworthy and set an example. When you get old you can become irresponsible and careless and be able to do t he little things that are silly just for the stake of doing it.My personal response to the poem Old Man, Old Man is that it makes me think about my grandparents who were able and active and now have become retired and have their illnesses, this is wherefore the poem makes me think of them. The old man in the poem was a capable man and has now become very dependant. It also makes me think that family is very important because one day you may end up with a dreadful disease and if you cannot turn to your family who can you turn to?My personal response to poem two is somewhat murky. I do not know how to put it but although it is an optimistic view of old age are the things this women wants to do that much to look forward to? I think we can do most of these things now, even as adults, but we do not because it is not advantageous and some of the things are just silly. For instance spending your pension and say weve no money for butter. Is that logical? This is where Im unclear may be sh es saying let go out of logic This poem also reminds me of the great Indian circle of life. This is where the native Americans believed we went round in a circle in our life. We would start life from the ground or mother, progress through childhood to become an adult then revert to being a child again, then the part to the ground.

What Energy Drinks Do to Your Body Essay Example for Free

What Energy Drinks Do to Your Body EssayIntroduction You are feeling tired and unmotivated what do you do? some people such as myself opt to purchase an readiness drink(s) (I had a few while writing this speech) As students we sometimes need a little boost to suffice us study, many of you will opt to purchase brawn drinks in this speech i will attempt to inform you on the effects thrust drinks extradite on your body. Body First a little bit of history first ever energy drink was Lipovitan D 1962 invented by Japanese company Taisho Used to keep employees awake well into the night First energy drink in US was Jolt Cola. Wasnt really an energy drink at all, just a hyped up soft drink introduced in the 80s added a lot of sugar and caffeine nigh Ingredients and what they do Caffeine works by blocking the effects of adenosine, a brain chemical involved in sleep. Glucose A from a sugar, is a indigenous source of energy, energy drinks contain double the recommended daily amount . Ephedrine A stimulant that works on the central nervous system. It is a common ingredient in weight-loss products and decongestants, but there have been concerns about its effects on the tenderness.Taurine A natural amino acid produced by the body that helps regulate heart beat and muscle contractions. Many health experts arent sure what effect it has as a drink additive. Ginseng A root believed by some to have several medicinal properties, including reducing stress and boosting energy levels. B-vitamins A group of vitamins that can convert sugar to energy and improve muscle tone. Guarana seed A stimulant that comes from a small shrub native to Venezuela and Brazil.Conclusion I hope this speech has helped you better understand the effects energy drinks have on our bodies, health and well being.so the next time you decide to drink an energy drink think about what you are really drinking. Works Cited Watson, Stephanie. How do energy drinks work? 04 October 2006. HowStuffWorks. com. Web. 02 March 2013. Seifert, Sara M. , Etal Health Effects of Energy Drinks on Children, Adolescents, and Young Adults Pediatrics Official Journal Of The American Academy Of Pediatrics. 3 (2011) 511-528. Web. 14 February 2011. Sifferlin, Alexandra Whats in Your Energy Drink? Time 04 February 2013. TIME. com. Web. 06 February 2013.

Globalisation small firms and government intervention

Globalisation small firms and regime interventionIt is believed that the history of sphericalisation process first began with the movement of people disclose of Africa into other parts of the mankind, and because of this movement of people, goods, ideas and customs today we find adaptations of influences from other parts of the humankind today in galore(postnominal) argonas of the world. Today however, we the integration of many opposite commercialises and economies of the world including the telecommunication industry and this has made the world into what is now cal conduct the Global Village.It is in this vein that governments are beginning to cheer their firms or industries (mainly the sister or young firms) from the threats and stronger competitive forces of demand and supply working in the outside(a) markets which we get out go through at in details later. It is also critically important to understand the fact that these forces feces only be limited up to a certain time before hand the government leave alone realize the need to get involved in inter subject blood line. The world is moving a expressive style from self contained economies towards interdependent and integrated global economic system. perceptiveness GLOBALISATIONWhat is globalisation?By definition globalization meansThe act of economies moving away from self contained entities, isolated by from each other by barriers to cross border manage and investment by distance, time zones, and language and by national differences in government regulation, culture, and business systems. And now moving towards a world in barriers to cross border trade and investment are declining.From our definition above its important to understand that globalization has two facetsGlobalization of markets much of the economic integration and growing interdependences worldwide.Globalization of Production which refers to the sourcing of goods and go around the world with a few to reduce cost but obtain quality.Charles W. L. cumulation International Business, Competing in the global market place 7th editionDimension of market globalisationAs a wide subject globalization has been investigated from various angles including economics, history, anthropology, political science, sociology, and technology. On the other hand when looking at market globalization we will be looking at the consequences of economic, technological and government policy trends. With this we kindle focus on the dimensions pushing the world market identified by Cavusgil et al (International Business -strategy, management and the new realities, Pearson Intl Edition integrating and interdependence of national economies countries in themselves are said not to be self reliant thus the need to depend on other nations for the preference not in their reach. The internationally active companies make the government in nearly way realize the need for international trade. The internationally active firms tog out multi country operations through trade, investment, geographic dispersal of company resources, integration and coordination of value chain activities. The sequence of value adding activities performed by these firms in developing, producing, marketing, and servicing a product, the aggregate of these activities will give rise the economic integration and interdependence of national economies.Rise of regional economic integration blocs these are coming as far as the 1950s, the care of the North Ameri set up Free Trade Area (NAFTA), Asian Pacific Economic Cooperation group (APEC), in Africa we take on groups like the Common Market for East and Southern Africa (COMESA), and Southern Africa Development Corporation (SADC). These groups promote the idea of trade and investment among member countries through reduced trade and investment barriers. In more advanced arrangements like common markets barriers to the factors of production are disapproved.Growth of global investment and financial f baseborns as a leave of conducting international business transactions, firms and governments buy and sell large volumes of national currencies ( much(prenominal) as dollar, euro, yen etc). Also the globalization of capital around the world has brought about the interconnection of world, especially in the commercial and banking global industry.Convergence of consumer lifestyle and preference a check around the world has shown that there is an increasing similarity in consumer spending activities. Lifestyle and preferences are speedily converging. Consumers in various areas get to shown similar preferences of household, automobile and electronic goods. Major brands in the world wealthy person enjoyed a worldwide following, the likes of Nokia phones, Samsung products the demand of certain car brands is also actively similar around today. All this similarity has been attributed to the result of international travel and exposure to different cultures. However it is also important to note that this has led to loss of culture and national values.Globalisation of production international global rivalry among the firms has pushed a apportion companies to area of low cost production and marketing. Companies are struggling to increase their economies of scale, standardization of product and reduction of costs of production or operation at all cost. We see I.T companies moving into areas like India, textile companies into China, and Mexico in the attempt because of low project costs.THE DRIVING FORCES OF GLOBALISATIONUnder this subject we shall look at the forces or factors leading towards market globalizationLiberalization and adoption of free markets The fall of the Berlin wall among many other things is what led to the fall of command economies into global economies. We also saw a lot East Asian countries embarking on ambitious market based reforms. India also followed suit in 1991, this was followed by privatization of land owned companies to private ownership and this attracted a lot unconnected capital investment to these countries like China, South Korea, Malaysia, Indonesia and India. Generally this is focusing on how governments around the world are fitting less strict.Reduction of barriers to trade and investment Because of the formation of national economic blocks governments are getting into agreements to reduce or simply eliminate trade barriers so as to improve trade relationships between them and neighboring countries. This also being a key dimension in the theory of market globalization.Industrialization Due to economic growth and the move towards modernization around we see many emerging markets with fast growing economies a focus on the Asia, Latin America and Europe clearly depicts this. Also countries like Brazil emerging to leadership in the aircraft industry, Czech Republic in automobile and India in computer software. Because of Industrialization, economic development and modernization the standard of living hire be en positively impacted through the gross national product of various countries concourse world financial markets and technology As the world is merging in most its activities business transactions are becoming more and more simplified, international firms commode now can source for funds internationally and involve themselves in foreign currency transactions. The international banks are willing to offer these foreign currency transactions with easy inside provided guidelines. Information technology has been critical in these international transactions between buyers and sellers will not even find to move but send money electronically once they receive their goods and service from foreign suppliers or customer.The benefits of globalisationBriefly before we can look at the threats posed by globalisation we will just look at some of the benefits that come from globalizationIncreased Investment As we have alluded to the fact that companies are able to expand due to the fact that they can source for finance globally, they can therefore easily expand to other countries of hope through different strategic alliances. With this move places which are considered feasible by the organization receive a lot of investments. These could either be short bourn or long term investment. Government can benefit from taxes that the multinational/international companies will be paying.Increased competition Increased competition has led to improved standards of goods and services. As a result competition from international companies abroad the local markets begin to fear loss of their market to the international firms and to prevent this they will start to embark on project like the New Product Development, Innovation, Research and Development in order to cope more effective. This results in break away products being offered at both the local and international markets.Focusing on your comparative advantage Because of globalisation countries can focus on the goods and services t hey can produce without being over strained and this improves the economic welfare of a national.Creation of employment in spite of the fact that globalization can lead to labour drain it can create employment for the locals through international investments which could Foreign Direct Investments or Joint ventures.Threats Posed by GlobalisationCavusgil et al in International Business management acknowledges the following factors as threats that may come with globalisationOffshoring and the flight of Jobs Offshoring is the relocation is the relocation of manufacturing and other value-chain activities to cost effective areas. Despite the fact that globalisation creates countless of jobs and opportunities around the world it also has cost many people their jobs. With the need to maximize on the scale economies many firms have transferred some of their jobs. General Motors (USA), Ford, and Volkswagen have transferred thousands of jobs from their factories in Germany to countries in th e eastern part of Europe. Offshoring Has brought about job losses in numerous mature markets.Loss of national sovereignty Countries are losing the ability to control internal affairs, the activities of multinational companies can have an effect on the economic, social and political structures of a nation. Some multination companies have internal economies that are bigger than the economies of some countries and these organizations have been able to direct or exert influence on governments through their huge contributions. The only way out for government survival is to allow a market liberalized economy to control forces on the market.Effects on the poor It is believed that the poor are becoming poorer and the rich are getting richer in developing economies, this is because low wage pays, poor working conditions, and the employment of baby labour among many thing face up a negative effect. The International Labour Organization statics are showing that over 250 children are in ful l time employment however intervene to stop may worsen the living standards in the lives of many who perhaps related to these children though at the comparable time this is at the expense of child education. On the hand these conditions seem to be in other countries, the footwear industries are paying well in the Vietnams countries that were once being exploited for low labour cost are now experience a tremendous economic growth rate which is evident on their GDP. These are countries like chilli pepper and India.Effects on National culture Dilution of culture, because of globalisation nations that may not have very strong cultures like the one existing among the Muslim world (have a strong standing cultural value) nations are at risk of losing their culture or it becoming diluted as foreign companies will gain their global brands, unfamiliar products and new values. In this view we see children around the world behaving almost in the same manner and have about the same everywhe re among these has been the demand for iPods among young peopleSpecific Threats to little firms (SME)Intense Competition (Rivalry) International firms have enough resources, capital, skilled and talented people who can design products tailored to customer needs.Shake Outs or Loss of business customers The smaller local firms may fail to compete and the end result maybe to close up the business because they have lost their customers who are the focal point in any business.Loss of skilled and experienced employees International firms have enough money to pay anyone they know who has an understanding of the market and is skilled enough to be an asset for the company and these will come from the local competitors create high labour turnovers in the industry.Threat of takeover possibilities The other feel is the local and government may have is that International may takeover some big firms and start running the industries that governments may also be depending on and not only for taxe s.In our digest to these threats what we can say is that globalisation exposes the smaller firms to intense rivalry or competition in the local market, this being mainly because the international firms are enjoying reduced operation costs, advanced technology, can leverage skills and labour around the world more easily, have enough resources or capital to compete effectively and at an international level.4. GOVERNMENT AND SUPRANATIONAL administration SUPPORTThe oxford dictionary defines government as, a group of people who rule a state.The Merriam Webster Dictionary defines government as the continuous process governing, controlling or direction. It also defines international as the organization or movement that transcends national boundaries, authorities though they have limited power. The most practical examples being the unite Nation, European Union in Europe, International Monetary Fund (IMF), World Bank these are some among the most outstanding supranational authorities.The re fundamentally for major reasons that justify why government should intervene in international trade as identified by Cavusgil et al in our Pearson international business edition of strategy, management and the new realities we have the followingProtection of the National Economies This mainly came from the labour activists who were against the outsourcing of jobs from Europe and the united states to India and where asking for government intervention to cut short the import of cheap products and increase trade barriers.Protection of Infant Industries This is our focus of the report. Emerging industries, companies are often inexperienced and lack the technology and skill to compete with already established global firms and industries.National Security Nations impose trade barriers on products that they deem critical to national defense and security these could be in the form of military technology and computers. These trade barriers can be used to boost local production and capaci ty.National Culture and Identity Sometimes governments wants to cherish some occupations, industries, public assets that are central to national culture and identity as we shall look at later.Methods and Techniques used to protect small firms (How they can protect small firms)Trade Barriers Government can impose some trade barriers to ensure the infant industries are protected until such a time when they can effectively compete. Government will present trade barriers like the Quotas (being the restriction on the quantity of products that a country can import for a contract period of time). Tariffs can be another technique government can use, increased would mean the products of imports would become more expensive than the local products or services people might end up resenting these products.Investment Barriers These are investment restrictions in particular industries or being able to acquire a local firm. These restrictions are common in industries such as broadcasting, air tr ansportation, financial services, military technology, and the oil industry. These are left to enable the infant industries to grow until such a time when they can compete. Most of these laws were very prevalent in India, and Mexico.Subsidies This id monetary aid or resource support from the government to the smaller firms to service of process them with production and other services that they need to help them grow. This is in the effort to reduce import by all means and encourage exports and therefore subsidies can also take the form of tax breaks, actual cash or services at reduced prices.Reduced Investment barriers inside the bloc For the firms within the bloc such the European Union the countries within the bloc ensure that trade and investment barriers are reduced and this also allows currency flow within the bloc. Membership to such supranational organizations also fosters a huge market for export within the bloc.Cavusgil et al, International Business -Strategy, Management and the new realities, Pearson intl edition.The government and supranational bodies can encourage the following emphasize on high value adding industry activities especially on the value chains, taking advantage of the monetary and pecuniary policies, be a member of a bloc as already alluded to as this brings out more exposure to export market and protection.In summary what we can say is the smaller firms should try by all means to take advantage of the support and protection from the government and supranational organizations. With time international firms will finally break through different regions and free trade zones and begin to offer competition. It is important to note that managers can use the support to ruck up resource and competitive advantage on an international level.RECOMMENDATIONS AND CONCLUSIONSFinally we can recommend that it is important for the government and other supranational bodies to protect their local industries as this builds their economies, and make s their firms strong enough to contend with the firms in the international market. This also builds the trust of the people or citizens in these regions as they know that their government or organizations are willing to support and thus see the need to keep them in power. On the other hand global firms despite the barriers that may exist withal manage to breakthrough into protected industries and blocs using different strategies developed by their managers. International firms can also prove to be very beneficial sources of income extension for the government inform of taxes and economic development as they increase competition this results in excellence and more professionally managed industries at a global level.

Pros And Cons Of Wind Power Environmental Sciences Essay

Pros And Cons Of rick Power Environmental Sciences EssayWind occasion has been practised by people throughout history and converted into us able energy. Small pinchmills have been providing power for rural nationals throughout the humanness since al just about a hundred years ago. They were utilise for powering water pumps and also converted cut into useable electrimetropolis for homes.In the 1930s, programs to bring electricity to more(prenominal) remote aras elongated the electrical grid system to these areas causing sophisticatemill generated power to gradually be replaced by electricity generated by power stations which burnt fogey fuels such as oil and coal to generate electricity. This eventually caused the disappearance of leadingmills in rural areas.However, in recent times, new more modern and advance(a) wind machines are beginning to appear on the landscape of many regions of the world. Discovery of windy rural areas has enabled people to harness the power o f the wind in much larger quantities than ever before. Through technology, it is possible to now generate clean, cost effective, and renewable energy. This could range from a single turbine powering a single landowners home and facilities, to large scale wind farms which could supply power to the grid itself and in turn provide electrical needs to hundreds of homes. Advancement of technology and it declining cost makes wind generated electricity more competitive with dodo fuel generated electricity. The cost of wind generated electricity has decreased greatly since the beginning, and it is estimated that wind power supply ten to twenty dollar bill percent of electricity needs in the United States could within three to four decades.Despite these the impressive advantages of wild resources, it is still solitary(prenominal) in an infancy stage in many parts of the world. Only recent pollution laws, increase in fossil fuel costs and the fear of the exhaustion of fossil fuels have led to the intense development of wind power.Wind energy has many advantages, for example, wind is free and with modern technology it can be captured efficiently. Wind is naturally produced when there are pressure differences in the circularize above the earths surface. When air gets heated up, it rises creating a low pressure area. Cooler, high pressure air from the surroundings the rush in the take its place. This creates wind. This is especially true in coastal areas due to the fact that water takes longer to heat up as compared to air, therefore resulting in a great difference in pressure between the air above the water and land, which results in exceptionally dependable winds. cragged areas also have strong winds that could potentially power wind turbines. As different slopes are heated at different times of the day, pressure differences are created in the mountain range creating wind. In certain instances, the shape of the mountains and valleys may also act as a funnel, causi ng the wind to accelerate to high speed as the approach these areas.Once wind turbines are built in place, the energy they produces do not cause green house gases or any other form of pollution. This means that with time, the operation of the wind turbine would actually make up for whatever carbon footprint it has left because of its construction. The power produced by the wind turbine over time would exceed what was used in the form of fossil fuels, and raw materials during it construction. Given enough time, a wind turbine would actually indemnify for its own construction and maintenance through the revenue it generates by producing power.Although wind turbines often r individually up to above 50 meters tall, each single turbine only takes up a small plot of land. This is due to advancement of technology where thanks to modern materials and designs. Wind turbine towers are and with space aged materials which are strong and light and designed to have minimum drag resistance. Also because turbines have to be spaced a certain distance from each other, the land in between them can still be used for other purposes such as farming or even for building homes.Remote areas which are hardened far away from the main power grid can use wind turbines to produce their own electricity. Just a few wind turbines could potentially supply power to a small community located far away from the power grid, saving the cost of extending the grid to the community. Wind turbines are also on tap(predicate) in many different sizes. This means that people from all walks of life can make use of wind turbines be it for personal use to supply electricity to a single home or to supply power to business or even small town or villages.As wind occurs all over the world, there is no place in the world that the power of wind cannot be harvested. This could be an advantage for third world countries where there is no electricity supply. Since wind turbines only require an initial start-up cost and minimal maintenance cost, it could be possible to provide electricity for poorer settlements or countries.However, the strength of wind will almost never be constant. It varies from nothing at all to storm force. This implies that wind turbines will not be able to produce consistent electricity at all times. There will even be times when it produces on energy at all. Due to this, the wind turbine has to be located in a location where there is enough wind so that it would be able to run at energy producing speeds for most of the year. For this to happen, many factors have to be taken into consideration. Wind speed data has to be recorded for a specific location at least a year to ensure that the wind conditions would be suitable for building a wind turbine. Other factors that have to be considered include any obstacles that the wind may encounter before it is able to reach the turbine such as buildings and trees.Location of wind turbines due to their nature would unremarkably ha ve to be located in open areas. This in turn brings other difficulties such as ease of transportation of materials to the build site and connection to the power grid. Furthermore locations with the highest winds are usually costal areas. Building offshore wind turbines, although does not require any land space, is very expensive to build due to the extra structural reinforcements undeniable to build standing structure in the ocean.Many people also feel that the countryside should not be spoilt by building large structures would garnish the aesthetic appeal of the environment. Conservationists also oppose the building of wind farms for fear that they may kill of interfere with wild life such as migratory routes of birds.Wind turbines, depending on perspective, are noisy. Each turbine generates about the same level of noise as a car travelling at approximately 70 miles per hour. Therefore if there are homes located near the wind turbine, residents may be disturbed by the noise gene rated by the wind turbines.During the manufacture of wind turbines, pollution is also produced in the form of energy consumed for fabrication of materials and pollution produced by vehicles used during the transportation and building of the turbines. Therefore it cannot be said that wind power produces no pollution at all.Finally, if an entire communitys needs were to be provided by a single wind farm, the wind farm itself would have to be extremely big considering that the largest turbines available today would only be able to power just under 500 homes. If a town or city of 100, 000 homes were to run on solely wind power, then a farm of almost 200 turbines would be needed. Taking the distance needed between each turbine, then an immense area of land would be needed just to power this town.After considering both advantages and disadvantages of wind turbines, I have come to the resultant that although it is impractical and unrealistic to supply the entire worlds power with wind pow er, it is a highly efficient way of harnessing free energy from the environment. If as much available space as possible were to be used as wind farms, coupled with other renewable energy sources such as solar, bio-fuels, and hydro-electric power were used to substitute fossil fuels whenever possible, then the impact on the environment would be greatly lessened. This would greatly reduce the usage of fossil fuels, thus giving researches more time to come up with solutions to the worlds energy needs without relying on fossil fuels which will eventually run out and also how to reduce the load of burning at the stake fossil fuels on the environment.

Foreign Policies For The Malaysian Systems

Foreign Policies For The Malayan SystemsMalaysias distant polity is premised on establishing close and fri breakly traffic with countries in the community of nations. Tun Razak had embarked on a series of dazzling initiatives in foreign constitution largely to move Malaysia from its pro-western, anti communist stance, which had been adopted since independence under the tunkus leading. This is achieved done upholding the countrys s everyplaceeignty and promoting global peace fostering friendly traffic with foreign countries and protecting Malaysias interests in the regional and international arena. In some other words, Malaysia exit enshroud to consolidate its transaction with other countries and international organisations, both at the regional and international level. Tunku razak felt this was necessitated by its national security needs, which required Malaysia to live in collected co existence with on the whole(prenominal) countries, communist or non communist. In 1 971, the year he took everywhere as Prime Minister, he had to award the problem of britains withdrawal of its arm forces in Malaysia.Even earlier Britain had break-dancen similar committals to Malaya since 1957 and both Sarawak and Sabah, its former colonies, until they joined Malaysia in 1963. In the superpower race, Britain was no longer capable of fight downing itself as aglobal power due to the dismantling of its colonial empire, and a slow-down in its economy. Although Britain indicated it might participate in a louver power commonwealth defence force, it would not provide each(prenominal)thing like its former number of troops. In line with our objectives of promoting and protecting Malaysian national interest abroad, the Ministry has established a total of 105 missions in 83 countries and appointed 53 Honorary Consuls who provide certify and service in promoting Malaysias interest abroad. Since the independence of Malaya in 1957, the nations foreign policy has gone t hrough several phases of significant transition with different emphases under five previous premierships. The policy has been largely determined by the established national characteristics and supremacyion of semipolitical leadership as well as by the dynamic regional and international environment.A period of consolidation ensued under Tun Hussein Onn with ASEAN becoming the innovation of Malaysias foreign policy pursuance the collapse of Saigon, the withdrawal of the US military presence from Southeast Asia and the invasion of Kampuchea by Vietnam. During the premiership of Tun Dr. Mahathir in 1981, Malaysia began dealing with more nations and became a symbol of a rising maturation country. Under Tun Mahathirs tenure, the nations foreign policy began adopting a a great deal greater economic orientation in the countrys external dealings darn championing the rights, interests and aspirations of develop countries. Malaysia became the voice of the developing public and was a fibre model for umteen developing countries as it become well known for its quick stance at the UN and other international conferences. Malaysias participation in peacekeeping missions under the UN is as well a testimony of the nations seriousness in instilling the will of the international community. The fifth Prime Minister of Malaysia, Tun Abdullah Ahmad Badawi continued to ensure that Malaysia was active in the international arena. During his tenure, Malaysia played an instrumental role in the formulation and toleration of the ASEAN Charter which has been ratified by all ASEAN member states and subsequently entered into force on 15th December 2008. During this period, Malaysia was also active in expanding the focus of OIC from creation an organisation focused solely on political issues into one which focuses on the socio-economic training of Islamic countries. Among the key agents of the 1Malaysia thought is in realising the strength of Malaysia lies in its diversity. T his concept bodes well with the main vision of Malaysias Foreign Policy that is to protect and promote interests abroad and at the same time responsibly and effectively contri onlye towards the mental synthesis of a fair and just valet. Dato Sri Najib believes that the interconnectedness of nations in the world means that Malaysia would benefit in applying 1Malaysia in its efforts in statesmanship and foreign relations. Malaysia will remark close relations with all countries in the world and will work with like-minded nations in pursuing national interest.Malaysias foreign policy is structured upon a framework of bilateralism, regionalism and multilateralism where. ASEAN forms the core priority of Malaysias current foreign policy. Looking further a field, as a country with a strong Muslim majority, Malaysia also gives importance to the solidarity of the Ummah and the spirit of cooperation among the Organisation of Islamic Conference (OIC). Malaysias status as a developing nation makes it imperative for the country to engage actively in the Non-Aligned Movement (NAM). Malaysia plays a significant role in the various multilateral issues that affect our interests. These issues include disarmament, counter terrorism, trafficking in persons, climate mixed bag and environmental issues. As a member of the UN, Malaysia is a firm believer of international peace and security and an upholder of international law. Malaysias election as the President of United Nations frugal and Social Council (ECOSOC) for 2010 and the Chairmanship of the Board of Governors of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) were a further testimony of Malaysias positive international image. The fundamental principles of sovereign equality, uncouth gaze for territorial integrity, peaceful settlement of disputes as well as mutual benefit in relations are the guiding principles that would continue to guide Malaysias relations with other countries. These principles have stood the test of time. Indeed, our steadfast adherence to these principles, supported by a consistent foreign policy, has established for Malaysia a credible image in the eyes of the international community. REVOLUTION AND EVOLUTION OF MALAYSIAN FOREIGN POLICYThe domestic help challenge of religious extremism is however importantly shaped by the knowledge that, as one manifestation of contemporary global religious revivalism, it is also a product of international muslim contact and exchange. The threat of religious radicalism is indeed perceived as being determined, to some extent at least, by an impinging Islamic world which in some instances provides moral and inspirational support and in others, active influence over UMNOs political competitors specifically, and its malay muslim population generally. The packion of extremism has, however, been shaped less by inter state relations than through channels which lend themselves less easily to conventional state regulation.As such(prenominal), the Malaysian governments efforts at countering wrong islam have refer an intense fundamental interaction between domestic and foreign policy. The determination of wrong islam and its easy association with extremism is also increasingly linked to the federal governments attempt to institute an orthodoxy of belief if not of ortho- practic behavior as a means of rationalizing islam towards a particular socio-economic but also political agenda. As attempts at curbing extremism have gradually involved questions of religious authority and the toleration of divergent interpretation, they have ultimately also had a significant bearing on intra-malay rivalry. Frequently then, foreign policy has been industrious precisely towards the management of domestic politics.The diversity of views regarding the perception and explanation of foreign policy, no foreign policy can be formulated in a vacuum. It must serve to function in a dynamic environment. Throughout its tenure, the Mahathir Administrati on has not always enjoyed even relations with those states in the Islamic world which have displayed a more distinctively radical character and approach to international relations. Various geographical, historical, social and political determinants contributed to shaping the nature of Malaysias foreign policy and the conduct of the countrys international relations. Our foreign policy seeks to promote mutual tolerance and cooperation amongst all countries that make up the fabric of international community. governing has frequently publicised its long standing relationships with more conservative regimes in Egypt and Saudi Arabia, its relations with countries like Iran and Libya have been less well documented. Overall, Malaysias diplomatic exchange with these countries since the 1980s has tended to bide cautious, explained in part by their expression of a more radical political agenda frequently channelled through religion. While Malaysia has often supported the positive foreign po licy attitudes expressed by these states toward the needs for fundamental change within the international system, alarm and objection have also been articulated over the chosen methods of their capacity to directly influence the domestic political process in Malaysia has necessitated the employment of less conventional st ordinategies in foreign policy by the plaque.The Iranian revolution give-up the ghostly helped intensify debate in Malaysia over the revival of islam and the viability of an Islamic state in Malaysia. A more worrying domestic repercussion for the government was the revolutions indirect promotional material of islams legitimacy in political contestation and the boost that its success provided to parties and organizations claiming islam as their base. The governments initial non-commitment on the subject, however, contrasted dramatically with the clear and early articulation of support for the revolution by ABIM and PAS.Nevertheless, the establishment of diplomati c relations with the emergent Islamic republic of Iran in 1981, came within the smart administration general strategy of publicizing its foreign Islamic friendships. Iranian officials had in fact made some attempt to explain the Islamic revolution and to express its non opposition to moderate intellectuals in muslim countries. The Mahathir administration was therefore at pains to stress the pragmatic aspects of relations with the new Iranian government, even while locating them within the spirit of a shared religion. Indeed the government received some acknowledgement for its pro-islam efforts from the Iranians.Malaysia pursues an independent, principled and pragmatic foreign policy which rests on the values of peace, humanity, justice, and equality. Malaysias foreign policy is also premised on the principles of wonder for the independence, sovereignty, territorial integrity and non-interference in the affairs of other nations, peaceful settlement of disputes, peaceful co-existenc e and mutual benefit in relations. Official relations were also important towards neutralizing what was perceived as real or potential revolutionary Iranian influence over Islamic movements. Intra and inter party dynamics were to underline the continuing threat that UMNO and the administration perceived from the revolutions impact on malay politics and on the role og islam in Malaysian society.Foreign policy is not static. Its formulation is essentially a dynamic process. Hence, over the years, our foreign policy has evolved, taking account of the change in leadership as well as developments in the ever-changing global political and economic landscapes. Moreover, the advent of globalization and the transformation of interstate relations brought about by new and rapid changes in information technologies necessarily means that our foreign policy has to be adjusted and fine tuned to meet new challenges in a globalised world. The evolution of the countrys foreign policy under successive prime ministers reflects a pragmatic response to the geopolitical and economic changes of their times. To be continually relevant to the countrys needs, foreign policy cannot remain static. But whilst changes in emphasis have become a general feature of Malaysian foreign policy, persistency has also been evident. Both the change and continuity mark a higher level of confidence and maturing of the country in the conduct of its international affairs. Indeed, in many ways Malaysias leadership role has been recognised on several issues of deep interest to the developing world.As a occupation nation, we are very much dependent on a peaceful international environment for our well being. Malaysian foreign policy has to be oriented to allow for a greater focus on economic diplomacy. In the past, when we were producing mainly raw materials for the world, Malaysia had to compete with only a handful of countries. But now, when we have become an industrialized trading nation, we have no choi ce but to work harder, to compete better and to light upon new foodstuffs for our goods and services. We must find better ways to do billet with the outside world. We need to find niches in which we have a competitive edge.ASEAN IN MALAYSIAS FOREIGN POLICYMalaysia was able through the vehicle of ASEAN diplomacy to maintain a balancing act in its relations with the indo-china states which remained in a state of conflict at the point of time of ASEANs formation. We have already alluded to the snake pit caused by the boat refugees after the end of the Vietnam war and Malaysias pivotal role in repairing some 80,000 persons to third countries. Through ASEAN, the geneva conference of 1979 was called to deal with the functional aspects of the Vietnamese refugees. Then came the Cambodia crisis and here again Malaysia played a pivotal role in setting up the coalition government of democratic Kampuchea (CGDK). Heng samrin regime, ASEAN diplomacy kept in check the various political player s in the Cambodian conflict by securing the U.N. seat for the CGDK for the most part of the 1980s.This arguably put all the political players of the Cambodian conflict in contention until the peace process took root in the early 1990s. here again ASEAN played a life-and-death role in sponsoring the Jakarta informal meetings. Throughout this period, Malaysias stances and policies vis-a-vis the indo-china issue followed the tempo and thrust of ASEAN diplomacy. It was clear that ASEAN had become central to Malaysian foreign policy for its regional and global relations, even under the feisty tenure of Mahathir.The Abdullah government had also followed through the motions of its predecessors in placing ASEAN at the centre of regional politics and foreign relations. The ASEAN push for the construction of three forms of communities- security, economic, and socio-cultural- has also been wholeheartedly taken on board by the Malaysian government along with the ASEAN charter signed in Novembe r 2007 at the 13th ASEAN in capital of Singapore. It is important to see ASEAN as a crucial instrumental of Malaysias attempt to use a countervailing and counterpoising foreign policy to dish out new issues that have surfaced regionally and globally. Not less of all was the question of Myanmar or Burma, which continued to be the bugbear of the ASEAN states well into the late 2000s. At the regional level, Malaysia will continue to push for the strengthening of ASEAN as a regional grouping. This includes support for a whole range of functional co-operation on a sub-regional or on an ASEAN-wide basis, the phasing in of AFTA and the implementation of the ASEAN investment area. ASEAN has developed and refined various mechanisms and arrangements to promote trade, investment and other collaborative activities. Much of ASEANs attractiveness to the outside world is built on the economic success of its member states and their potential for greater growth. As ASEAN confronted the various chal lenges such as international terrorism, economic slowdown, in the face of current economic and financial crises, it is ASEANs common effort that accounted for our success.FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLESFive Power Defense Arrangement, 1971Ministers of the government of Australia, Malaysia, New Zealand, Singapore and United Kingdom met in London on 15th and 16th April 1971. In order to consider matters of common interest to all five governments relating to the external defense of Malaysia and Singapore. The minister of the five governments affirmed, as the basic principles of their discussion, their continuing determination to work together for peace and stability their respect for the sovereignty political independence and territorial integrity of all countries and their belief in the settlement of all international disputes by peaceful means in pact with the principles of the united nations charter.In the context of their governments determination to continue to co-operate closely in defens e arrangements which are based on the need to regard the defense of Malaysia and Singapore as indivisible, the ministers noted with gratification on the development of the defense capability of Malaysia and Singapore, to which the other three governments had given assistance, and the decisions of the governments of Australia, new Zealand and the united kingdom, which had been welcomed by the other two governments to continue to station forces there after the end of 1971. In discussion the contribution which each of the five governments would make defense arrangements in Malaysia and Singapore, the ministers noted the view of the united kingdom government that the nature of its commitment under the anglo-malaysian defense agreement required review and that the agreement should be replaced by new political arrangements. They declared that their government would continue to co-operate, in accordance with their respective policies, in the field of defense after the termination of the ag reement on its 1st November 1971.The ministers also declared, in relation to external defense of Malaysia and Singapore thet in the event of any form of armed attack externally organized or supported or the threat of such attack against Malaysia and Singapore, their governments would like a shot consult together for the purpose of deciding what measures should be taken roastly or separately in relation to such attack or threat. The ministers reviewed the make out made regarding the establishment of the new defense arrangements. The ministers agreed that from time it might be appropriate for them to discuss their common interest. It would also be open to any of them, participating governments to request at any time, with due notice, meeting to review these defense arrangements.METHODS AND RESPONSES TOWARDS MALAYSIAN POLICYWith its dedicated Plans of Actions and Protocols, ASEAN will move closer towards its death of building the ASEAN Community, characterized by greater political and security interaction and engagement, a single market and production base, with free flow of goods, services, capital investment and virtuoso(prenominal) labour and a caring society, focusing on social development, education and human resources development, public health, culture and information, and environmental protection. Improvement of the invisible trade of developing countries, particularly by reducing their payments for freight and insurance, and the burden of their debt charges.The foreign policy of Malaysia continues to emphasise on the relevance and importance of ASEAN as the forum and catalyst for regional dialogue. ASEAN Dialogue Partnerships, ASEAN Regional Forum, ASEAN Plus Three and East Asia Summit have allowed its members to engage leading powers. Improvement of institutional arrangements, including if necessary, the establishment of new machinery and methods for implementing the decisions made at UNCTAD. It is sometimes difficult to understand why even though the government is so generous in providing assistance to so many other developing countries, it yet seems reluctant to give forthright and substantial aid to Malaysia.In most cases, no open tender processes were resorted to. Privatization further fed into this policy. Many of the joint ventures were achieved on a government to government basis involving tit for tat negotiation methods. An example was the case of Antah Bi water. Fifty one percent of its equity was controlled by its local malay partner while the remaining was held by a Biwater Ltd, a british water supply and treatment company with strong political connection to the thatcher government. Another example found in Indah Water Konsortium, a joint venture with british water treatment company northwest water ltd. IWK was awarded a $6 billion sewerage contract under the regimes privatization policy.ROLES OF POLICY MAKERS WHEN INTRODUCING CHANGESHaving policy space and flexibility is important is important to a developing coun try. The Malaysian experience also shows that if a country is able to avoid turning to the IMF, it can also avoid the straightjacket of the IMFs mainly one size fits all policies and can choose its own policies as well as change them if they are found to be unsuitable. Malaysia initially took on several elements of the IMF fiscal and fiscal policies but when these damaged the real economy, the country was able to switch to a different approach.A coherent anti- crisis strategy should be seen as an integrated portion of its elements and policies. Policymakers often (even constantly) grapple with difficult policy decision s since the goals of policy are multiple. A policy instrument meant to achieve one goal may negatively affect other goals. In a posture where there are many complex trade offs, its useful to think outside the incase and seek other policy tools.In the Malaysian case, it is useful to analyze and appreciate the various policy elements as parts of an integrated appro ach and as parts of a whole policy package. Thus, each elements should be considered not only on its own merits or for its own role in achieving a particular goal but also for its function of having an effect on another element or on another goal. A particular element or policy may not have the same successful intended effect, unless accompanied by or done in conjuction with some other element of policy. Thus, the interrelationship of the elements and the interaction with one another should be appreciated.For example lowering the interest rate was important for rescuing the microeconomy and reviving the real economy but doing so would have brought down the ringgits exchange rate. A new policy instrument, jam the exchange rate was thus introduced.This alone would have been insufficient. Besides fixing the exchange rate to the dollar, stabilization of the currency also required two additional policy instruments. If we start with even one major policy goal(reviving rate reduction), we end up with several other policy tools and goals.All diplomatic missions may apply to the MFA through diplomatic note attaching the details as prescribed. For debut visits by Head of States/Governments to Malaysia, the delegation will normally also include their countrys official media. On other occasions, official media from foreign countries may also compress assignments in Malaysia to cover specific activities such as the Malaysian Governments socio-economic programmes, general elections, etc. To this effect, the official media from the country concerned would need to be accorded with some assistance in facilitating their assignment in Malaysia. Media accreditation for official media agencies/delegations undertaking assignments in Malaysia for the purposes of Head of State/Government visits, coverage for international conferences and filming. For media agencies accompanying Head of State/Government Visits, the MFA processes and approves media accreditation requests. Applicatio ns should be made via diplomatic note attaching the prescribed details.Under regional security matters, Policy Planning disagreement is involved in handling issues relate to ASEAN Regional Forum as well as bilateral security dialogue between Malaysia and Australia. On political and security cooperation, Policy Planning Division is responsible among others in the implementation of the ASEAN Security Community Plan of Action, Declaration on the Conduct of Parties in the South China Sea, broadening the support for ASEAN instruments such as the Treaty of Amity and Cooperation in Southeast Asia (TAC) and the Southeast Asia.Financial receptivity poses serious dangers to developing countries and can be avoided. Too much openness in the financial sector can make a developing country vulnerable to financial speculation, to sudden or large movements of foreign capital, and to vaporific movements in the exchange rate. If a country were to maintain an open financial policy, it risks losing the ability to determine its own macroeconomic policies. Thus the country may find it desirable not to have such an open financial policy.CONCLUSIONThe greatest challenge would be to extract the best from the process of globalization and to give our best to the system. And in return to contribute towards making the world a much more peaceful and equitable place to live in, to provide leadership within our region and to demonstrate exemplary and responsible membership of the international community. The economic dimension of globalization has been even more disappointing. The financial crisis that descended upon East Asia in 1997 brought about not only social misery and economic disaster but political instability as well. Massive Unemployment, negative growth, stock market crashes and severe currency devaluation have pulled down millions of people below the poverty lines. And now, we are anxiously watching the effects of the possible economic meltdown following the global financial c risis. Fundamental principles governing interstate relations would continue to guide Malaysias relations with other countries. These refer to sovereign equality and mutual respect for territorial integrity, mutual non-aggression, non-interference in each others internal affairs, peaceful settlement of disputes as well as mutual benefit in relations and peaceful co-existence. The so-called constructive intervention policy advocated by some, involving loud criticism, adversarial posturing and grand standing would only bring more harm than good to the promotion of neighbourly relations. We do make exceptions to the policy of non-interference in certain extreme situations. The bloody cruelty, genocide and atrocities perpetrated by some struck our conscience. Such peculiar situation calls for pragmatism on our part in the interest of humanity whilst recognizing the central role of the UN in resolving the problem.Malaysias activism at the international front has of course attracted fear and reaction from various quarters. Malaysia had been the target for criticism for being too vocal. But this is something that we need to take in our own stride if Malaysia is to be proactive at the global level. Our foreign policy principles have stood the test of time. Indeed, our steadfast adherence to these principles, supported by a consistent foreign policy, has established for Malaysia certain believability in the eyes of the international community. The years ahead therefore would see our foreign policy specially oriented towards not only ensuring Malaysias domestic success but also internationally, as a geopolitical and economic player at the global level.

Overcoming the Barrier Essay -- Analysis, Helen Reddy

Overcoming the Barrier Helen Reddy in I am a Woman sings, You can bend nevertheless never break me, cause it only serves to make me, to a greater extent determined to achieve my final goal, And I come back even soakeder. In the encounters Antigone, by Sophocles, and A Dolls House, by Henrik Ibsen, two strong women be restricted by the time and society in which they live. In Antigone, the main character, Antigone from Thebes, is faced with a choice of following the laws of man, or the laws of the gods in burying her deceased brother. She felt that her choice was right even with the penalties it costs her, while arguing with the king who felt his way or no way. As the play progressed, it seemed that the more Creon, the king, and Antigone argued, the more confident in the choice she made she became. In A Dolls House, Nora was a woman who cared deeply about her conserve who would soon be faced with death if not sent to a warmer climate. Unheard of from a woman, Nora took a money l oan from the bank without express a word to her husband, Torvald. Using a corrupted lawyer, Krogstad, gave easy access for blackmail which could end her marriage if revealed. During the times in which these plays were written, the relationship between a man and woman is definitely patriarchal. Men have major dominance and the woman just follows. It was believed that a woman was to have no opinion nor be smart enough to have their own opinion. In both plays, Sophocles and Ibsen show how controlled yet bold, women had to be in society through demonstration of submission to men, the expectations fixed upon a woman, and their search for a voice. There is a saying that all habits start in the household and that is no exception for the way woman are treated. Whether its a husband or... ...oldly demonstrate the strength and power women needed to become their own person. With barriers blocking the path, the choices each woman had to face was like an bar course. By being undermined by th e opposite sex, females were not given much thought unless the subject had to do with the raising of children and up keeping of a household. macrocosm a part of society came with expectations of how a family should look and act, especially for the women who are merely dolls for men to control. Therefore, having to surrender to the male influence, societys pressure, and the quest for identity, women so far are able to stand firm and strong in the end. Over many years women have come a long way with rights and responsibilities but it was no walk in the park. It has been a curvy road and there are still more hills to come but with a positive cast down shinning at the end.

The Virgin Mary Statue :: Personal Narrative Writing

The Virgin Mary Statue Kindergarten through fourth grade was absolutely beautiful. We completely sat together at lunch, contend tag together on the playground, laughed and listened to the teachers together in class. Then fifth grade rolled around, and all my friends started to evolve, and for the worse as I saw it. We all started noticing things that we werent aware of before. We used to be like a bunch of happy naked babies, absolutely oblivious to the fact that we were all unclothed and unalike from one another. Then, some of us took the role of Eve we became seduced into eating the forbidden apple and offered it to our friends. We started realizing that despite the fact that we were all wearing the same black tartan uniforms, our skin colors differed. We all acted differently too. Some of us had accents, others didnt. Some girls had long hair, others had bob cuts. Some wore glasses and had skirts that went past their knees others had perfect vision and ha d their skirts hiked up to show as much leg as possible. As I said, we were all becoming aware of these things. Whether it be in fifth grade ,earlier, or after, we all have these moments of revelation and we start to interpret our surroundings in a different way. For me, after fifth grade, my surroundings were changing all the time. organisation of cliques had officially started. The word cool was being redefined almost every month. With these new definitions came new friends and ex-friends. I recall watching girls in the popular group acting a game of running behind the Virgin Mary statue whenever they saw someone they didnt like entering the playground. It was a way of letting the friendless girl know where she stood with the clique.As embarrassing as this is to admit, I used to be one of those girls who ran towards the Virgin Mary statue as if there was some riposte there awaiting me. But there was no treasure there. And even if I did find some comfort in being part of the clique that day, the pastime day I had become a victim of the same cruel game I was in part responsible for.